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IOWA DAY 




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OCTOBER TWENTIETH 

NINETEEN HUNDRED SIXTEEN 



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IOWA DAY 



FOR 



The Public Schools of the State 



ISSUED BY THE 



.!«, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
INSTRUCTION 



Prepared by 

B. W. HOADLEY 

Chief Clerk 



ALBERT M. DEYOE 

Superintendent of Public Instruction 



DES MOINES 

ROBERT HENDERSON,. STATE PRINTER 

J. M. JAMIESON, STATE BINDER 

1916 



1*11(0 



X> # of D. 

OCT 26 I91S 



FOREWORD. 

The Department of Public Instruction recommends that Friday, 
October 20th, 1916, be observed in all the public schools of the state as 
IOWA DAY. All institutions of learning and education, all civic, 
commercial, and farmers' clubs, and all business organizations are in- 
vited to participate in exercises befitting the occasion. On this day, the 
home, the school, the church, the press, and the many splendid industries 
may join hands in appreciation of the achievements and advantages of 
a great state. 

A better knowledge of the wealth, resources, and possibilities of our 
state should become a matter of general information among our people. 
There are no impoverished areas within our borders. Prosperity is 
everywhere in evidence. Therefore, Iowa can afford the best homes, 
the best churches, the best schools and the best colleges in the world. 
The development of public improvements should correspond with the 
rapid increase of our wealth, the improvement of our homes, and the 
growth of our industries. 

Let no spirit of mere boasting or selfishness be manifest but with 
charity for others, let us give attention to the occupations, the institu- 
tions, and conditions affecting the welfare of our people. 

To live in Iowa means opportunity unsurpassed. The beauty of oui 
Iowa landscape is unexcelled. Iowa's productive resources are marvelous. 
Our citizenship is distinguished by the lowest percentage of illiteracy of 
any state in the Union. 

But Iowa's future lies not in large fields and big business concerns so 
much as in smaller farms well cultivated and in small local industries in- 
telligently managed. 

We have faith that no backward steps will ever be taken in Iowa 
affecting the morality and advancement of our state and people. No 
section of the world may with greater reason or appropriateness adopt the 
motto, "Forward and Upward." Loyalty, intelligence, spirituality, and 
progressiveness to the extent of our ability, are cardinal virtues that 
should dominate the citizenship of a great state so fortunately situated. 
May our boys and girls become helpers in the making of a glorious future 
for our beloved state, Iowa. 

With an abiding confidence in a better and greater state, this booklet 
is hopefully dedicated to IOWA. 

Sincerely, 

Albert M. Deyoe, 
Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
Des Moines, Iowa, June 30, 1916. 



AN APPRECIATION. 

It may well become the schools of Iowa to devote one day, at least, 
each year to a careful consideration of its history, its progress and its 
wealth. 'Tis well to have seen Iowa first, but it is often true that a 
better appreciation of what you have at home is yours after having 
seen and tasted the fruits of other fields. 

The rock bound coast of New England has a history well written 
in its rugged walls; the beauty of the Great Lake region, with its cli- 
max of strength at Niagara and its cadence of delight at the Thousand 
Islands, cannot be denied; the wealth of genial hospitality, as revealed 
in the shade of Southern pine or in the plantation homes of mountain- 
ous Kentucky is proverbial; there is a grandeur and sublimity among 
the rugged peaks of the Needle and Teton mountain sections of the 
Rocky Mountain system that cannot be expressed ; but, as between all 
these and Old Iowa, with a farm-born prosperity that has built happy 
homes and industrious cities, telephone and railroad equipment, school 
houses, colleges and universities, there can be no Neutrality, — we're for 
Iowa. 

The people of Iowa must be educated to a better realization of what 
this great state is producing, in the many and various industries within 
her borders. One of the great industrial managers in Iowa has 
well said : "We have actually found, from past experiences, that people 
living in towns that contain worthy enterprises and industries are often 
the least informed about them." 

There has never been a boom in Iowa, but there has been the steady 
march of prosperity. Her people have never been exultant because of a 
flood in the tide of progress, neither has the state been depressed by the 
ebb of such a tide ; but there is always the rejoicing attendant upon 
having enough, together with the ever present feeling that our people 
will know well what to do with an abundance. 

If we read of the glory of Iowa from what we know of its present 
condition, of what it has been or of what we have high hopes it will 
become in some long reach of time, our appreciation is only partial. The 
people of this state must know of and reflect upon the past history of 
their commonwealth; her present must be sincerely appreciated and a 
faith in her undimmed future must be confidently exercised. If this is 
done, the glory of the Hawkeye state will never die. 

— PAGE six 



IOWA DAY. 
Mrs. James R. King, Grundy Center, Iowa. 

As Iowa Day should be celebrated by all Iowans, it must be made a 
day of vital interest to all. It should be a "get together" day under the 
leadership of the public schools, and should serve, not only as a means 
of bringing the school and the community into closer touch, but also as a 
means of presenting to people of all classes something of Iowa's sig- 
nificance to the nation. 

Many people, especially in the rural districts, do not meet often 
enough socially and hear too little of what is going on outside of their own 
community. It would be an education in itself, for parents and children 
alike to discuss and hear discussed Iowa's splendid history, her various 
industries, her vast natural resources, and her opportunities for the 
future. 

Much interesting and instructive information can be presented 
through the medium of illustrated lectures. Each year this special day 
might be advantageously devoted to some particular phase of Iowa. 
Motion pictures of the work in mines, the operation of mills and man- 
ufacturing plants of different kinds, would be of interest to the children 
as well as to their elders. 

But as each community has its own particular interests, some time 
might be well devoted to the same industry in other parts of the country. 
Comparisons and contrasts, together with appropriate suggestions, will 
often start united effort for improvement at home. 

The awakening of new interest in new things, and keener interest in 
the old things will not only inspire a spirit of loyalty and patriotism for 
Iowa, but will lead to a better and fuller appreciation of what Iowa has 
accomplished in the past, and of her prospects for future development. 

If then, through the channels of the public schools, each district can 
be aroused to take more pride in their schools, and in their part of Iowa's 
future making, and more interest in what the rest of their state is doing, 
the future generations will grow up in an atmosphere of loyalty toward 
Iowa that cannot fail to make a "Greater Iowa." 

FIRST WHITE MEN IN IOWA. 

It was more than a hundred years after Marquette and Joliet first 
landed on what is now Iowa soil before the first white settlers came to 
establish homes on the west shore of the Mississippi. The first white 
man to settle in Iowa and to earn a living from the products of its soil 
was Julian Dubuque, a Frenchman, who came to what is now the city 

PAGE SEVEN 



of Dubuque, in 1788. He learned from the Indians of rich deposits of 
lead on the bluffs of the river and he obtained from the Indians the sole 
right to work the mines. He took ten French-Canadians with him and 
by a treaty at Prairie du Chien, September 22, 1788, with the Foxes, 
acquired the right and began operations. Dubuque built a log house, 
planted corn and other grains, and soon made his men comfortable in 
the little village. In March 18 10, Dubuque died and was buried on a 
bluff near the village. A wooden cross above the grave bore the in- 
scription, "Julian Dubuque, miner of the mines of Spain." 

In 1795, or seven years after the first settlement made in Iowa, an- 
other Frenchman, whose name was Basil Gaillard, settled a little farther 
north along the river near the present site of McGregor in Clayton 
County. He is reported as having known Dubuque and the two men 
sometimes traded together. Several years later, after the death of Gail- 
lard, his heirs sold the immense tract of land for the small sum of 
three hundred dollars. 

A third settler on Iowa soil was Louis Honori Tesson, who settled 
near Montrose in Lee County. He obtained a title to his lands from the 
acting Lieutenant-Governor of Lousiana Territory in 1799. In 1839 the 
United States issued a title to some of this land and it is said to be the 
earliest title to any soil in Iowa. Later, in 1820, came Dr. Muir, a 
Scotch surgeon in the U. S. army, who had been stationed in a frontier 
fort in Illinois and who later built a house at the present site of the 
city of Keokuk. Another early settler was Antoine LeClaire, who was 
among the first to settle at Davenport. A little later came Colonel 
George Davenport, a trader and army contractor, who settled in Daven- 
port in 1820. It was after him that the city of Davenport took its name. 
— Meyerholz's "History and Government of Iowa." 

CLAIMS TO IOWA TERRITORY. 

Spain, by reason of the discovery by Columbus in 1492, was the first 
to claim the soil of Iowa. 

England in 1497 sent an expedition under the leadership of John 
Cabot who discovered and explored the coast of North America from 
Labrador towards the south. This and later discoveries was the basis 
for the English claim south of the St. Lawrence river and north of the 
Spanish claims and extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. 
Thus Iowa was included in the claims of England. 

France had established settlements in the valley of the St. Lawrence, 
and through expeditions along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers by 

PAGE EIGHT 




PAGE NINE 



James Marquette and Louis Joliet in 1673. France thus became a 
claimant to Iowa soil. 

Out of the disputes which arose between England and France over 
the ownership of the territory in the valleys of the St. Lawrence and 
Ohio rivers, the French and Indian war broke out in 1755. 

By the treaty of Paris in 1763, France gave up to England her 
claims to Canada and her possessions east of the Mississippi river. France 
then ceded her possessions west of the Mississippi to Spain. Thus 
Spain came into undisputed possession of the territory of which Iowa 
formed a part. 

About the year 1800 this territory west of the Mississippi river was 
transferred back to France. At this time Napoleon Bonaparte was at 
the head of the French government. The close of the French Revolu- 
tion in 1799 had left him the most powerful leader in Europe. Eng- 
land was the rival of Napoleon and conflicts continued between the two 
countries, until Congress by treaty in 1803 secured from France, by 
purchase, the Louisiana territory for $12,000,000, and debts of the 
French government amounting to $3,000,000 w T ere assumed. By this 
purchase the soil of Iowa for the first time came into the possession of 
the United States. 

EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 

Iowa was legally thrown open to settlement June 1, 1833, but long 
before that time reports had traveled to the East, and to the South con- 
cerning the fertile lands west of the Mississippi. 

From 1833 to 1846 more than a hundred thousand people had found 
their way into the "Iowa Country." The first settlers to enter the 
territory came from Illinois, Ohio and Indiana, and located in the "Black 
Hawk Purchase," a strip about 40 miles wide along the Mississippi 
River. 

Settlements were pushed westward gradually as the Indians were 
induced to relinquish their claims to the soil. Trading posts and Indian 
agencies preceded the homeseekers, and became centers around which the 
early settlers clustered. Many of these posts later grew into villages, 
towns and cities. 

These words from Sabin's book, "The Making of Iowa," give some 
idea of the prize that had fallen to the lot of the early settlers. 

"It is no wonder that the Indians refused to abandon until forced to 
by a superior power, this beautiful region they had invaded. Iowa was 
an ideal home for them. On the hills and in the valleys were the deer ; 
on the prairies the buffalo. The noble wild turkey dwelt in the woods, 

PAGE TEN 



and the prairie chicken and ruffed grouse were on every side, in meadow 
and in thicket. The numerous lakes and streams furnished fish and af- 
forded passage for the bark canoes. The plum and grape were to be had 
for the picking. The hickory nut and the hazel nut were plentiful and 
maize waved in the fields. 




EUGENE SECOR. 

"Master of the Shelter," Forest City, Iowa. 



The Mississippi on the east and the Missouri on the west, with the 
smaller rivers traversing the interior between, were highways from dis- 
trict to district. The climate, cold in winter, warm in summer, never 
was monotonous. The blue of the sky and the clearness of the air were 
not burdened as now with smoke from the cities, but were just as nature 
intended they should be. 

It is easy to understand why the poor Indians, removed to other 
places, returned in little bands time and again, to look once more upon 
the scenes they loved so well." 



PAGE ELEVEN 



THE PIONEER. 

Eugene Secor. 

Wouldst hear of valiant men, who, unafraid 
Bore hardship as of daily incidence? 
Men who, alone, met and subdued grim fate ? 
Men who were mighty — men of will and purpose ? 
Turn back the ticking clock of fleeting years 
To former days when Iowa was young, 
Behold the pioneer! — the man who dared 
To break in untamed fields the glebe of empire 
And wearied not though harvest seemed to tarry, 
Who drove the lazy savage from the garden 
Laid out and planted by an unseen hand 
For nobler use than hunting unearned game. 

We read of valor on the serried field 
Where regimental comrades, side by side 
Provoke to courage every man his fellow. 
The dear old flag ahead with all its stars 
Inspiring them to reap immortal fame 
If slain, and garlands if victorious — 

that is glory ! and for this men die. 
Eternal honor be to every man, 

Living or dead who fought for th' starry flag, 
But in the findings of the higher court 

1 fancy other heroes will be named 

Than those from sanguine fields, though holy wars. 

The pioneer met dangers oft, nor flinched 
Though none but God was standing at his side. 
No thrilling bugle call, no starry flag, 
No battle-cry to nerve the shaking frame. 
Each for himself must act without delay 
And stake if need be life upon the issue. 
The wife, mayhap, when husband was away 
To seek supplies, alone with baby, saw 
A devilish Sioux peek in her cabin window. 
No gun had she, but pluck, no weapon save 
Her wits. Did ever soldier on the field 
Meet foe or chance requiring steadier nerves? 
Of such the fiber of the web of state 
That made her valorous sons both strong and great. 



— PARE TWELVE 



THE LOG CABIN. 
H. C. Rolling sworth, Ottumxoa. 

The log cabin of the rudest type, built in haste, to furnish protection 
and shelter from wind and storm, was a familiar picture of the early 
day. A brief description may not be out of place. A location had been 
agreed upon, the dimensions fixed, and logs of uniform size as far as 
possible, drawn together from the woods, notched and put in place by 
the neighbors at the "raising." The chinks between the logs were then 
filled and daubed with mud. The roof of clap-boards was held in place 
by poles placed transversely at regular distances apart. A big fireplace 
was usually provided, with a chimney of stones and split sticks cemented 
and lined with mud. The floor was the native dirt, or in some cases 
made of puncheons — logs split and smoothed on one side. One small 
window to admit the light was all the variation that marked the four 
walls. The structure was ready for its occupants. This was home, — 
one of the dearest words of human speech. Here children were born, 
neighbor visited neighbor, and good cheer and frugality were nurtured. 
Early privations and hardships were partly compensated by the limited 
range of social demands, and family ties were perhaps the stronger on 
this account. As a historical relic the Iowa log cabin, with its sacred 
memories, should be transmitted to the children of the future. 



THE LOG CABIN ON THE CLAIM. 

Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. 

I can't but think how swift old Father Time 

Has traveled since this fertile soil was turned 
And made to laugh by pioneers who earned 

Their scanty fare by toil and sweat and grime. 

The house that daily smoked with odorous game 
Was not a modern mansion built for show, 
But hospitality shed its warm glow 

In the old log cabin on the claim. 

The next door neighbor lived a mile away, 

But all were neighbors then, for all were poor. 
The leather latch-string hung outside the door, 

And all were free to come and eat and stay. 

Sometimes an empty larder faced the dame, 

But love and faith and courage always won, 
For plenty smiled through father's traps and gun 

At the old log cabin on the claim. 

PAGE THIRTEEN 



The ladder to the loft I climbed, and slept 

Just like a kitten tho' the blizzards played 
Fantastic tricks with arch and palisade, 

And thro' the roof o'erhead the fine snow crept. 

The winds may shake a dwelling with a frame 
And all its joints creak like an unoiled cart, 
But solid stood the house displaced by art — 

The old log cabin on the claim. 

How strong the naked trees in winter are ! 

They lift their sinewy arms to fight the storm, 
And say to us, "fear not, I'll keep you warm, 

I give my life to man, near and far." 

And so the trees and I fast friends became, 

They talked to me like folks the whole year through, 
Their lore I loved and in their shelter grew 

At the old log cabin on the claim. 

I wonder if we're happier now than then? 
I wonder if the present dizzy whirl 
Brings comfort like the brooklet's gentle purl 

That soothed the early settler in the glen ? 

Give back the friends I knew, I ask not fame, 
I ask not wealth that brings but added care, 
But rather give me one who loved me there, 

In the old log cabin on the claim. 

GETTING READY FOR STATEHOOD. 

The organization of territories and the formation of states out oi 
country included in the Louisiana Purchase is interesting history but too 
lengthy to be included here. Iowa was organized as a Territory in 1838, 
and included the present State, the greater part of the Dakotas, and of 
Minnesota. Settlements were made in various parts of this territory and 
the population increased so rapidly that a convention was called to meet 
in Iowa City, in 1844, to establish boundary lines. In Congress, during 
the next year, an act was passed which provided for the admission of 
Iowa, under certain fixed boundary lines, but in the same year this pro- 
posal was rejected by a vote of the people. 

In May, 1846, a new convention presented, and in August of the same 
year the people adopted the constitution which Congress approved De- 
cember 28, 1846, and thus admitted Iowa to the Union with its present 
boundaries. 

— PACE FOURTEEN 



THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. 

Iowa has had three capital cities. The first territorial legislature met 
in Burlington in 1838 with Robert Lucas as Governor of the territory. 
This legislature appointed a commission to select a site farther to the 
west for a permanent capital. The site selected was that now occupied 
by Iowa City, and on April 30, 1841, by proclamation of the Governor, 
the capital was changed from Burlington to Iowa City, where it remained 
for several years after Iowa was admitted into the union. In November, 
1857, the capital was removed to Des Moines. The first capitol build- 
ing was a three story structure, located where the soldiers' and sailors' 
monument now stands. The present magnificent building was begun in 
1873 and completed in 1885. The total cost of the building to 'July 1, 
1885, was $2,615,170.87. 



THE SCHOOLS OF IOWA 

While the citizens of the state have been making marvelous strides 
in developing farms, in building cities, in establishing manufactories, in 
erecting churches, in beautifying their homes, the educational interests 
of the people have not been neglected. 

If "From Log Cabin to White House" gives pleasure in the con- 
templation of the career of an American citizen, surely from the log 
school house to the magnificent Consolidated School Buildings in which 
we find the children housed for purposes of education and training, must 
challenge our admiration in an even greater degree. 

Our rural schools are being inspected and better supervised than 
ever before. The work of consolidation, and the elimination of the 
weak, one-room school is going steadily forward. Free tuition in high 
school for every boy and girl in the state is now provided; grade and 
secondary schools are being supervised by careful and competent in- 
spectors ; numerous well equipped denominational colleges are scattered 
throughout the state; and, to crown the system and complete the op- 
portunities for professional and higher education, we point with pride 
to our State Teachers' College, The Iowa State College of Agriculture 
and Mechanic Arts and to the State University of Iowa. 

THE RURAL SCHOOLS OF IOWA. 

Reasons for Consolidating. 

To give the children of rural schools a "square deal" has been in the 
minds of the educators of Iowa for a long time. An uplift in rural school 
conditions had been fondly hoped for. It was thought that the practical 

PAGE FIFTEEN 



workings of the Iowa school system were not touching the rural school 
situation as vitally as they should. The long delays, for a change for 
something better, came to mean discouragement and irritation. The one 
prime thought was : more Iowa children should be in the country schools. 
Those who championed the unifying of country schools claimed, with 
many reasons for believing the claim a just one, that the courses of study 
maintained in rural schools, were not adapted to the environment of 
rural life ; that rural schools were not maintained for a sufficient length 
of time to compare favorably with the work of the city schools ; that ef- 
forts to bring about healthful conditions among rural school children 
were inferior to similar efforts made for city school children ; that school 
buildings, grounds and equipment, of the rural schools, would suffer in 
comparison with the attractiveness and utility of the buildings, equip- 
ment and apparatus of city schools. The quality of teaching needed in 
the rural schools should be the very best; but, for reasons of inadequate 
equipment, too many classes, difficulties in securing good boarding places, 
irregular attendance, little social environment, all grades of children to 
be handled, that kind of teaching material is not easily secured and with 
very great difficulty retained for any length of service. 

• Location of the Consolidated School. 

It is highly important that the Consolidated School be placed in the 
small town or village when convenient, but in territory so contiguous to 
rural life that urban and rural conditions may be blended and united for 
the betterment of each. There is no desire, on the part of the supporters 
of the consolidated school idea, to foist town and city conditions upon 
the rural people, neither would they have the rural ideals forced upon 
the town or city people. The town can no more exist without the country 
than can the latter survive in independence of the former. If the con- 
solidated school does anything effectively, it will, at least, break down 
all barriers that have heretofore stood between the harmonious develop- 
ment of rural and urban interests. 

The location of the consolidated school should be such that from five 
to fifteen acres of ground can be secured for playground, garden plat or 
agricultural purposes. This, in and of itself, will necessitate locating the 
buildings a little to one side of the small town or village. 

Keep the Boys and Girls on the Farm. 

If the education the boys and girls in the rural districts need is given 
them, the right kind of leadership and companionship furnished there will 
be less desire, on their part, to forsake the splendid opportunities of the 
farm, for the questionable appearances of city life. To keep the country 

PAGE SEVENTEEN 




I'AUli EIUHTKKX 



boys and girls on the farm is the great problem of modern education. It 
is not the real life of the city that so attracts the rural young people; it 
is the fascinating appearance of the fashions, the shops and the streets 
that so entices them. How often the drudgery, the constant contact, with 
the daily grind of hard farm labor, with little time for uplifting pleasure, 
drives the youth of the rural community into the undesirable life of the 
city! We who accept the Consolidated Rural School Plan, prefer to do 
so because of its remedial effects in supplying the necessary incentives for 
the preference for rural life. 

The Forward Step Proves Successful. 

Superstitious fear, as to the efficacy of consolidated schools in placing 
the work of rural school children more nearly on a par with the work of 
city school children, gradually vanished, however, and in 1897, at Buffalo 
Center, the first consolidated school district in Iowa was organized. 
Prior to April, 191 3, there were only 17 consolidated schools, of sixteen 
or more sections, in 12 of the counties of Iowa; these, with four con- 
solidated schools, with less than sixteen sections, constituted the total 
number of such schools in 14 counties of the state. Since April, 191 3, 
there have been 158 new consolidated school districts formed, and these, 
with the 21 similar districts already formed, give a total of 179 con- 
solidated school districts in Iowa, on May 17, 19 16. The number of 
counties now having consolidated schools is 63. 

Contributions to Consolidation. 

There have been numerous contributories to the work of consolidation, 
but the two forces, preeminent for real accomplishment over all others, 
have been the field workers and State aid. The people have at last 
caught the spirit of the work of consolidation, and are coming to see the 
great benefits to be derived from the work of these schools. There are 
differences to be amicably settled; adjustments and readjustments to be 
made; new plans of organization to be perfected and difficulties to be 
overcome; but just as long as thinking men and women can be brought 
to concentrate upon the one thing — that the rearing, training and edu- 
cating of children is the greatest obligation God ever imposed upon them, 
there will be an acceptance of that duty and an aim to meet it, no matter 
what the cost. 

There is nothing too good for the school children of this great com- 
monwealth ; and those children, first needing aid, should be the first ones 
to receive it. We have faith in the citizenship of the people of Iowa, 
and believe they will measure up to every obligation. 

PAGE NINETEEN 




— PAOE TWENTY 




PAGE TWENTY-ONE 



New State Law Requirements. 

Now that elementary agriculture, domestic science and manual train- 
ing are to be required in all the schools of the state, it is incumbent upon 
the teachers, who expect to teach in the rural schools, to prepare to teach 
these subjects. While the State University, the Iowa State College, the 
State Teachers' College, the independent and denominational colleges and 
other colleges as well are doing a great service in training teachers for 
such work, the demand exceeds the supply. 

Leadership Required. 

From out the workings of the Consolidated Schools must necessarily 
come the perfecting of plans whereby the work of the schools can be 
taken to the homes of the community. "Upon the heads of these con- 
solidated schools must fall the task of organizing the communities for 
social, educational and economic betterment. Much of the necessary 
equipment for the work of these schools will come with greater ease, if 
the community is interested in the work in hand. An aroused and inter- 
ested public spirit rests largely with the school head and his corps of 
teachers; then how essential it becomes that the individual members of 
the teaching force be chosen from among those who are fitted by inclina- 
tion and natural and acquired ability for the work. 

These superintendents, or some other principal members of the teaching 
force, should be chosen for the year, so that the field work in agriculture, 
at least, may not be allowed to die prematurely with the annual closing 
of the nine months of school, but may be continued during the summer 
months. 

The Pleasantville Consolidated School. 
An Excellent Example. 

Here we find a handsome school building costing $36,200. This 
modern school building is equipped with a splendid gymnasium, a spa- 
cious Assembly room, standard shower baths, an agricultural laboratory 
sunroom, and especially well adapted rooms for domestic science and 
manual training. The building is ventilated by means of an efficient 
Fan System; a Splendid Direct Fresh w r ater system is installed 
and heat is supplied through the efficient Automatic Heat Control 
apparatus. 

Other than this particular building, illustrated above, the Pleasant- 
ville Consolidated school district has another building for Intermediate 
and Primary grades. The school grounds are well adapted to the needs 
of the work that is being done, — five acres comprising the school plat. 

— PA ("IE TWENTY-TWO 



Modern Home for Teachers. 

In several of the Consolidated School districts, already established and 
in operation, can be found a modern home, with all the conveniences of 
the city home, for the superintendent and his corps of teachers. A recent 
visit to the Union Township consolidated school in Plymouth county, 
revealed the fact that the superintendent had a modern home, a garage 
and ample barn room for the fourteen horses used on the school vans. 
Other than that he has plenty of garden space for his own personal use 
and other ground for carrying on experimental farm work. In the yard 
we found well kept shrubbery and beautifully arranged flower beds. 
Such conditions are likely to add zest to the noble work of teaching; not 
that alone, but tenures of service will take. on a degree of permanency. 

TOWN AND CITY SCHOOLS. 

Some General Information. 

In 1915, Iowa had rooms, in which school work was being done, re- 
quiring 20,919 teachers. There were enrolled as pupils 522,423 persons, 
between the ages of 5 and 21, and there was paid for teaching $11,174,- 
715.81. During the same year there were 625 Approved High Schools 
in the state, in practically all of which the subjects of Manual Training, 
Domestic Science and Agriculture were taught. 

The Approved Graded and High Schools. 

Schools to be classified and approved by the Department of Public In- 
struction must meet reasonable requirements in the lines of Material 
Equipment, in which the necessity for Primary Supplies, Supple- 
mentary Reading, Maps covering the work in Descriptive and Physical 
Geography, and also in History, Globes, Charts, Reference works, Music 
and Writing Manuals and Library books is emphasized; Organiza- 
tion, which includes the management, equipment and supervision of 
the school; Curriculum, which embraces the Course of Study and 
Plans for following it; Instruction, wherein, according to a well 
known educator, lies eighty-five per cent of the value of the school, and 
Spirit. In this last named element must be blended the harmonious 
workings of all the forces of any community, if it shall have a good school. 

Normal Training High Schools. 

The results of having established Normal Training in 167 of the best 
High Schools of the state are well shown in the 3,500 students enrolled 
this year in the Normal Training work; in the 1,738 regular High School 
Normal Training certificates which have been issued ; but, best of all, 
in the reports from county superintendents, when they say : "The teach- 

PAGE TWENTY-THREE 



ers coming from the Normal Training High School Courses give us 
good work because they have had 'practice teaching' under able and close 
supervision. They are better prepared in plans and methods of instruc- 
tion and class management. " 

Tuition in High Schools. 

"The Thirty-fourth General Assembly recognized the right of every 
boy and girl in Iowa to a high school education." For all practical pur- 
poses this means that the privileges and benefits of the high school have 
been brought to every boy and girl in the state. The approval of schools 
by the Department of Public Instruction and the employment of field 
workers by the same department, the Tuition Law, and the granting of 
State aid to Normal Training High Schools and Consolidated Schools 
have proven wonderful incentives for the erection of model school build- 
ings, for better equipment, for broader Courses of Study and better 
preparation for teaching. 




East Des Moines High School. 

HIGH SCHOOL SECTION. 
The Progress of the High School. 
Myrtle E. Pullen, Britt, Iowa. 
Many, many years ago there came to the northeastern shores of this 
vast country of ours, a band of earnest, heroic people — with dreams. Be- 
cause these dreams had been ignored, thwarted, and thrust roughly to 

— PAGE TWENTY-FOUR 



earth, the Pilgrim Fathers bade farewell to their fatherland and sailed 
forth to this unknown region that those dreams might be brought to life. 
The first one, the most vivid one, was of freedom to worship their God 
in their own way, and out of that dream there slowly grew another one, 
that their children might be taught to know how to live for the highest 
possible good. These men and women struggled with the rough and 
cruel forces of Nature and as they waxed stronger from the fight, so did 
this dream grow more vivid and more alluring — that their posterity 
might be enabled to gain knowledge wherewith to subdue and conquer 
the difficulties of living. 

And, "silently as all great changes come" there has stepped forth 
majestically out of this dream, our remarkable public school system to 
which we point with pride. Every race, every nation has an educative 
system peculiarly characteristic of itself — look back to Sparta and see 
that unrelenting and terrible school of physical training to which its 
youth were sent— look at Ancient Rome and see that little group study- 
ing rhetoric and oratory, out of which group came Cicero, Horace and 
Vergil. Look at England and see that grammar school which paved the 
way for the easy culture of the gentleman, look at Germany and her 
gymnasium, sowing the seeds of scientific research throughout the earth 
— look long now at our own country and there stands forth one part of 
our school system different from that of any other nation, unique in 
kind, and typical of ourselves — the High School. 

Not so long ago, this institution was not known to us, yet the germ 
of it was there, sprouting forth from the dream of our Pilgrim Fathers, 
and gradually taking shape. Before the Civil War there were about 
twelve of these institutions in all our broad land, now we find one in 
every town of any consequence at all, and from four to dozens in our 
large cities. 

Clearly, no institution could have had such a phenomenal growth 
without the support of the people. And why has this support been given ? 
Because the High School has sprung right out of the heart of the Ameri- 
can people, much as Minerva sprang full-grown from the brain of 
Jupiter, and it has now become an integral part in the life of Americans. 
It affords to the child of the laboring man the same opportunities that it 
offers to the rich men's sons and brings all classes together "in a social 
microcosm, the social world of his later life in miniature. And we all 
know that this is vastly important, for no Robinson Crusoe ever invented 
a telephone, wrote a Hamlet or discovered America. 

For several years past, this High School of ours has been the scene 
of many changes. For what reason? Chiefly, because "they" said our 
High School graduates were "good for nothing" and could not "earn 



PAGE TWENTY-FIVE 



their salt." Well and good, the criticism, no doubt, was justified in 
many cases, so remedies had to be administered. As a result, we are 
teaching in our high schools those subjects which will prove useful to 
boys and girls and which will enable them to "make a living." This is 
altogether fitting and proper, for crime is bred in poverty, but there is 
danger that we make the dollar an idol and forget the higher ideals of 
life. And, as we have learned from other nations, money, without the 
knowledge of its best use, and without the illuminating guidance of high 
ideals, breeds more and worse crimes than poverty itself. Riotous living 
then becomes general and the downfall of a nation is inevitable. 

While we are teaching our boys and girls how to make a living is 
there not time also to teach them how to live? One great mistake that 
our common people are making is in thinking that the high school should 
complete the education of the child and give him all the requisites for 
a useful life. But are we not mistaking the function of this secondary 
school and trying to make it perform a duty for which it was not in- 
tended? Consider for a moment the average age of the normal high 
school pupil — from 14 to 18 — let us say. Just the age when he is awak- 
ening to his possibilities, when his dormant faculties are beginning to 
unfold, and he is beginning to see all things in a new light. The High 
School then should discover to him, his native tendencies, help him to 
recognize his abilities and to arouse in him a longing to accomplish some 
great and useful work. 

It is not the purpose of the High School to cram knowledge into the 
child's head, as so many think, but to give him a vision of an uplifting 
life, full of service to mankind, and to place within his reach the founda- 
tion for the realization of that vision. Such, then, should be the aim of 
the high school, for it cannot, in the time allotted to it, completely fit 
the individual for his life-work. Whether he completes his education in 
the college or in Life's work-shop, the man of 40 will always look back 
upon the youth of 18 and realize that no institution could have given 
him a complete education at that age. The High School, then, should 
inspire the individual with a yearning for further knowledge — I care 
not whether he gets it in college or out — with a wholesome desire for the 
good things of life and with an appreciation of the value of the true, the 
good, and the beautiful, in art, in nature, and in his own life. 

The High School should be high but we should remember that it is 
just high and not the highest. It should be that positive degree which 
will supply the germ and the force for a greater good, but it should never 
be regarded as having the capacity for doing all things. Teachers with 
a well balanced scholarship, clear insight, high ideals, and strength of 



— PAGE TWENTY-SIX 




EH n > 



-PAGE TWENTY-SEVEN 



character, together with studies that will not only instruct, but uplift and 
inspire, should be the vital forces of the high school work. 

It is to be hoped that the American people will love and cherish this 
dream of their Pilgrim Fathers and make the whole school system and 
each part of it a living, vital and indispensable factor in the life of every 
American, with the end in view that he shall be a super-citizen, not only 
of his own countrv but of the w T hole world. 



STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 

The First General Assembly of Iowa established the State University 
on Feb. 25, 1847. In March, 1855, the University was formally opened 
to students, and in 1857 the location of the institution was fixed at Iowa 
City. With material advantages of more than half a hundred acres of 




PRESIDENT R. A. PEARSON, 
Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames. 



-PAGE TWENTY-EIGHT 



rich land, thirty or more beautiful buildings, an adequate library equip- 
ment of nearly 200,000 volumes, an annual income of a million dollars 
from the state and other sources, the 3,000 and more .students would 
seem well provided for. The University of Iowa is an institution and a 
power. It is an influence for uplifting the citizenship of the state of 
Iowa. It is an opportunity for every boy and girl in the state whether 
rich or poor, to obtain a higher education, to cultivate to the utmost 
his native capacities. The true spirit of the University is one of uplift 
and enlightenment. The University was created by the people of the 
state to meet such ends. 

The purpose of the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic 
Arts is to serve educational needs in the fields of the industries and of 
the home. The Iowa Legislature of 1858 established this institution of 
learning and in 1862 it was endowed by the National Land Grant Act 




Iowa State College Campus. 

of Congress. While it is a college of applied learning and gives due 
place to certain essential cultural subjects, yet its chief purpose is to 
train men for the field of agriculture, of engineering in all of its branches, 
of industrial science, of veterinary medicine, and women for the rapidly 
widening field of home economics. "Science with Practice" is its motto 
and its instruction, research, and extension work are carried on with the 
needs of the farm, the factory and the home always in view. The aim 
is to apply the work of the class room and of the laboratory to definite, 
everyday problems. 

The purpose of the Iowa State Teachers' College is to prepare young 
men and women for the business of teaching in the public schools. Here 

PAGE TWENTY-NINE 



is found superior opportunity for the giving of training and instruction. 
Well organized and adequately maintained training departments, where 
children of all grades are taught and given special attention, are found 
here. The Summer School sections are of an especial value to the regu- 
larly employed teacher, as it is here that all such can come and find 
well-thought-out courses of study prepared for every individual need, 
during the time when the majority of schools are not in session. Along 
with such work there will be realized a well deserved respite from the 
ordinary school routine, but, at the same time a re-creation for better 
service and an honestly expected financial reward. 




PRESIDENT H. H. SEERLEY, 
Iowa State Teachers' College. 



— PAUK THIRTY 




— PAGE THIRTY-ONE 




Drake University, Des Moines 



PAOE THIKTT-TWO 



The Iowa State Teachers' College, during the present year, has ex- 
tended the Study Center work until 97 of the counties of the state are 
receiving direct instruction for their teachers. This instruction and 
assistance comes from the Directors of the Study Center work. 

Within very recent years the training of teachers for school work has 
been emphasized by the Extension Department. 



INDEPENDENT AND DENOMINATIONAL COLLEGES. 

The State of Iowa is well supplied with independent and denomina- 
tional colleges. Of the many such institutions of learning, mention will 
be made only of those that have been accredited for state teachers' cer- 
tificates by the Educational Board of Examiners. 

Drake University, located at Des Moines, was founded in 1881 
and is open to all classes of students without distinction of sex, religion 
or race. It is the largest college or university in the United States 
affiliated with the Disciples of Christ, and is the only educational insti- 
tution in the State of Iowa representing that religious sect. General 
and Governor Francis Marion Drake, of Centerville, George T. Car- 
penter, of Oskaloosa, D. R. Lucas and J. B. Vawter, of Des Moines, 
were the men largely responsible for the organization of the University. 
General Drake was the first large donor. 

Luther College was established in 1861 at Decorah. It is under 
the direction of the Synod for the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran 
Church in America. This college is distinctly classical and aims to give 
its students a liberal and positive training in religious instruction as a 
prerequisite to those who may wish to enter the Christian ministry. 

Grinnell College was founded by Iowa pioneers the same year 
Iowa became a state. Its first class graduated in 1854. This was the 
first class to be graduated by an Iowa college. At first it stood the test 
of "pioneer times" with real heroism; it passed safely through the time 
of "co-educational discussion ;" the trials of the "Civil War period" were 
not enough to dampen the ardor of its founders and the awful havoc 
wrought by the cyclone of later days was soon removed for a "better 
college." One of the two Iowa Chapters of the Phi Beta Kappa Society 
is located at Grinnell, and of the nine Rhodes Scholars from Iowa, four 
have been Grinnell men. It has the only college botanical garden west 
of the Allegheny mountains. 

PAGE THIRTY-THREE 




— PAGE THIRTY-FOUR 



Coe College, located at Cedar Rapids, "was founded to train young 
men and women to clear thinking, deep feeling and generous ideals of 
Christian service. To this initial purpose it still adheres." It may well 
be noted that the growth of Coe College has been decidedly marked, the 
enrollment of students increasing within the past five years from 312 




to 738, and the faculty from 32 to 55 in the same time. Her surround- 
ings of beautiful homes, far famed libraries, together with a healthy 
social life and a vigorous business activity, — these all help to support the 
right college spirit. 



—PAGE THIRTY-FIVE 




Cornell College, Mount Vernon. 



PAGE THIRTY-SIX 



Cornell College, at Mount Vernon, had its origin in an old family 
name, together with Cornell University of New York, but the former 
institution had its name, at least twelve years before this name was at- 
tached to the New York University. From Norton's "Contribution to 
the History of Cornell College" we glean this bit of early history: "It 
is a beautiful and long-told legend, even if it be nothing more, that in 
1 85 1 Elmer Bowman came riding on horseback over the country to his 
new circuit and stopped on the lonely crest of the hill on which the col- 
lege now stands. From its commanding summit vistas of virgin prairie 
and primeval forest stretched for ten and twenty miles about him. Here 
there fell upon him, the circuit preacher, the trance and vision of the 
prophet. He saw the far off future, he heard the tramp of the multi- 
tudes to come. Dismounting, he kneeled down in the rank prairie grass 
and in prayer to Almighty God consecrated this hill for all time to the 
cause of Christian education." 

Ellsworth College, Iowa Falls, is one of the standard colleges of 
Iowa. It is an independent and non-sectarian school. This institution 
was made a Senior College in 1906. The name Ellsworth is one to 
enhance the value of any institution to which it might rightfully be ap- 
plied. No location could be more ideal for a college than is the one 
where this college stands. The buildings and campus of Ellsworth 
College have an estimated value of $i6o,ooo.oq. 

Dubuque College, located in the city of Dubuque, was formerly 
St. Joseph's College. The last named institution was established in 1873. 
The general setting of the college location is one of natural beauty. The 
control of the college is under the direction of the Most Reverend 
Archbishop of Dubuque and the diocesan clergy, a corporation, governed 
by a Board of Directors. The staff of instructors consists of thirty-six' 
able men. The student enrollment numbers 465. An extensive Summer 
School is conducted here every summer by the Catholic University of 
Washington, D. C. 

Parsons College, at Fairfield, was established in 1875 and is under 
the control of the Presbyterian church. Notwithstanding this fact, 
students from various churches find in Parsons College a good home, as 
is shown by the fact that twelve church denominations are represented 
in the student enrollment in this college year. 

Simpson College was founded as a seminary at Indianola in i860, 
and incorporated as a college in 1867. At present it consists— first, of a 
College of Liberal Arts, comprising fifteen departments of instruction; 
second, an Academy; third, the Conservatory of Music; fourth, the 

PAGE THIRTY-SEVEN 




— PAGE THIRTY-EIHGHT 




— PAGE THIRTY-NINE 



School of Business; fifth, the School of Education, and sixth, the School 
of Domestic Science. During the year 19 15, six hundred sixteen students 
were in attendance, two hundred ninety-nine of whom were in the 
College of Liberal Arts. 




Central College, at Pella, was incorporated as the Central Uni- 
versity of Iowa in 1852, under the auspices of the Baptists of Iowa. It 
is now called Central College, because it does not undertake University 
work. 



— PAGE FORTY 



Des Moines College, Des Moines, while under the control of the 
Baptist denomination of Iowa, is an educational institution that is open 
to every well minded young man and woman, irrespective of religious 
preferences. This college and Central College have recently joined their 




forces and will establish one of the really great colleges of the Middle 
West. Numerous locations have been suggested, but wherever the united 
institutions do go there will be found a representative Baptist College of 
great strength and rich in moral and religious influence. 

Penn College, at Oskaloosa, was first known as such in 1873, 
although it took its origin from the Educational Institute which was 



-rAGE FOrtTY-ONE 



founded a decade earlier. In endowment, library and laboratory facili- 
ties, number of departments, average salary and maximum teaching hours 
this college meets all the requirements of the Educational Board of 
Examiners for standard colleges. This college is conducted according 
to the principles of the Society of Friends. 




Morningside College, Sioux City, was organized in 1894, al- 
though springing from the University of the Northwest, an institution 
which was established in Sioux City in 1889. In the territory of north- 
west Iowa, southwest Minnesota, northeast Nebraska and southeast 
South Dakota there is a rich field to come under the influence of this 
college. This fact, together with the amalgamation of Charles City 

— PAGE FORTY-TWO 



College, will serve a mighty purpose in building up a strong educational 
institution at Morningside. 

Leander Clark College, Toledo, is a co-educational institution, 
established in 1856, at Western, Iowa, by the Church of the United 




Leander Clark College, Toledo. 

Brethren in Christ. In 1881, to secure a more favorable location, this 
college was removed to Toledo, Iowa, where, in 1906, its name was 
changed to Leander Clark College, in recognition of a gift of $50,000 

— PAGE FORTY-THREE 



by Maj. Leander Clark, a public spirited citizen of Toledo, to the 
permanent endowment of the institution. 

Buena Vista Collegia, Storm Lake, was founded in 1891 and is 
under the control of the Presbyterian Church. The motto of this col- 
lege is: "Education for Service" and "it firmly believes that a college 
consists not in its buildings, equipment, or endowment alone, but in the 
vital mental and moral qualities and life of its faculty and student body." 




Buena Vista College, Storm Lake. 

Iowa Wesleyan College, Mt. Pleasant, is the oldest of the fully 
accredited, colleges in the state, having been established in 1842. For 
many years, Mount Pleasant was called "The Athens of Iowa," on ac- 
count of 'the educational spirit that seemed to pervade this particular 
section of the state. A new spirit seems to have possessed the friends of 
this college and we can naturally expect an advance along all lines of 
real modern college activities. 

Lenox College, Hopkinton, enjoys the honor of being the oldest 
Presbyterian college in the state. The thought of its founders was to 
establish a college to furnish the young people of that section of the 
state with the advantages of a Christian education. It may be of inter- 
est to note that, during the Civil War, the college was closed for a time 

— PAGE FORTY-FOUR 




— PAGE FORTY-FIVE 



when its President, Rev. J. W. McKean, and all of the young men stu- 
dents volunteered for the army. All were accepted for service but one, 
Will Robinson, who was too young; and, of the total number, ninety- 
two, twenty-seven, with their college President, gave up their lives in 
defense of their country. At the close of the war, the handsome monu- 
ment that graces the college campus, was erected in honor of these gal- 
lant men. This monument is the oldest of its kind in the state, and the 
oldest in the United States, of monuments erected by public subscrip- 
tion. 

Highland Park College, Des Moines, was founded in 1889, by 
a half dozen Des Moines business men, with one building. Other build- 
ings were added within a year or two, and the last building erected on 
the campus was finished late in 191 5. This college enjoyed a rapid 
growth, and in 191 1 came under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church. 




Highland Park College, Des Moines. 



Other than the degree courses there are twenty-seven short courses, each 
complete in itself, requiring from three months to three years for com- 
pletion, and including most of the vocations and home economics. The 
vocational idea is especially strong at Highland Park. 

Upper Iowa University, Fayette, would have a history to itself, 
had it done nothing more than to have graduated and sent out the late 
David B. Henderson, Iowa's celebrated Congressman, and one of the 
greatest parliamentarians this country has ever known. The College 
buildings consist of College Hall, South Hall, Science Hall, the Chapel, 
the Gymnasium, the Observatory containing a five-inch Alvin Clark 
telescope and "The David B. Henderson Library," the last named build- 
ing being a gift from Andrew Carnegie. 



-PAGE FORTY-SIX 



LITERARY IOWA. 

Johnson Brigham, State Librarian. 
Ten years ago we talked of literary Iowa as mainly a speculative 
future, a promise rather than a fulfillment. To be sure, we had "Octave 
Thanet," Hamlin Garland and Emerson Hough, writers of fiction with 
names that spelled achievement in a difficult field; we had S. H. M. 
Byers, the uncrowned poet laureate of Iowa, whose "March to the 
Sea" and "Happy Isles and other Poems" had compelled the world to 
listen ; we also had the well-rounded historical writings of Charles Ald- 




JOHNSON BRIGHAM, 

State Librarian of Iowa, and Author of "Iowa: Its History and Its 

Foremost Citizens," "Life of James Harlan," etc. 



-PAGE FORTY-SEVEN 



rich and William Salter, and the well-laid foundations of a now famous 
library of Iowa history; and, too, a number of famous authors in the field 
of social science and in that of the natural sciences, and scores of local- 
ly well-known poets, essayists and writers of stories. And farther still 
in the background were the many "mute, inglorious Miltons" who were 
only subjectively literary. 

This reference to the condition of literature in Iowa in 1906 is not- 
intended to lead down to a sharp contrast — as of promise then ; fulfill- 
ment noic. The only point I would make is, that the promise of a dec- 



1 




















»S&! 'i 


Silted 




^fT 





MAJOR S. II. M. BYERS, . 

Des Moines. 

ade ago is a stronger promise today and that the anticipated fulfill- 
ment seems nearer, and the satisfaction of those of us who love literature 
is fuller and better-grounded in achievement than it was ten years ago. 

I. 

Life's last years leave the unimaginative mind dry as summer dust; 
but the poet sings on into the years with undiminished fervor and with 

— PAGE FORTY-EIGHT 



a deeper sense of the soul's relation to the universe. Tennyson sang his 
sweetest note as he neared the end, and Browning and Whitman each 
uttered his bravest song as he prepared to "put out to sea." May we 
not anticipate even more soul-satisfying responses to the call which comes 
with the years to those among us who, in the course of a few years at 
most, will have passed "beyond our bourne of time and place"! This 
gratifying suggestion comes to mind as one reads "The Bells of Capistra- 
no," a recent poem by S. H. M. Byers. The poem is built about "a 
ruin of enchanting beauty" and a legend of "its old-time splendor," in 
which a Spanish youth and maiden loved and well-nigh lost. Mr. 
Byers' latest short poem was inspired by the recent death of Henry 
Wallace, whom he well pictures as "one of God's warriors" who, hear- 
ing the call, went "with the tide," — "not compassless nor starless, nor 
alone," — but guided toward "the confines of a golden shore" by "a 
chart that he had known before." His latest long poem is "Glorietta, 
or the City of Fair Dreams," also suggested by the poet's study of the 
legends of the Southwest. The scene of the legend is Monterey during 
the Spanish occupation, and the poem is a tale of love and death, into 
which are woven many beautiful lines. 

This outline sketch should include that well-known octogenarian- 
poet with the heart of youth, Tacitus Hussey, of Des Moines, whose 
"River Bend and Other Poems," (1896) has been followed by scores 
of short poems, chiefly humorous, through all of which there runs a 
rich vein of sentiment. His latest, "Return of the Prodigals" tells 
the pathetic yet quaintly humorous story of a family that has "jest got 
back to Iowa." His "Iowa, Beautiful Land," beautifully set to music 
by Hon. H. M. Towner, will be sung by generations of Iowans yet 
unborn. 

The decade has brought to public notice a younger poet whose earlier 
verse attracted the attention of a few who saw in it a promise and potency 
which has since found fuller recognition. During the fourteen years of 
his connection with Drake University, Prof. Lewis Worthington Smith 
has been a prolific writer of verse, and nearly all the leading periodicals 
of the country have evinced appreciation of his lines. Not until lat- 
terly have his fugitive poems been garnered into volumes of verse. 
First came (in 1906) his "In the Furrow" a modest volume containing 
some of the best of his poems. The present year marks a rich flowering 
out of this poet's genius a volume entitled "Ships in Port" and another, 



-PAGE FORTY-NINE 



inspired by the Great War, entitled "The English Tongue." 
poet-creed stands revealed in this fine quatrain : 

"Art is for life. Oh Poet, do not dream 
Too long of fairies in the phantom stream 

Of things impossible. Strike fire and hold 
A torch to light the pathways of the bold." 



His 




PROFESSOR LOUIS WORTHINGTON SMITH. 
Drake University. 

His latest verse, "A Shadow of Things to Come" is a fine tribute 
to the memory of the late Henry Wallace. 

Within very recent years a new planet has swam into our ken, and 
the few persistent watchers of the skies have passed the word along, un- 
til now many thousands have discovered that an Iowa poet of much 
promise, named Arthur Davison Ficke, is rapidly and yet with surpris- 
ing steadiness rising toward the zenith in the literary world. With an 
almost perfect technic. and with rare delicacy of touch and youthful 



PAGE i-iK-rv 



vigor and boldness, there is no altitude, apparently, to which he may no: 
aspire. But, between flights, he promises to keep his feet firmly planted 
upon earth. Though a successful lawyer, in Davenport, Mr. Ficke 
takes time to write not only poetry but also some of the best literary 
criticism which finds its way into our periodicals. Since 1906 he has 
published "From the Isles," "The Happy Princess," "The Earth Pas- 
sion," "The Breaking of Bonds," and several volumes of essays. 




ARTHUR DAVISON FICKE, 
Davenport, Iowa. 

Among the avocational poets whose souls occasionally find relief from 
the grind of fiction stands pre-eminently Hamlin Garland. His "Prairie 
Songs" are redolent of the wind-swept fields and forests, the flower- 
strewn hillsides and the solitary mountain-tops. 

Then there is the humorist, Ellis Parker Butler, who away back 
in the days of the first Midland, revealed the poet, laterly all too 
well concealed. Among the half-dozen poems contributed to that pioneer 



-PAGE FIFTY-ONE 



Iowa magazine before he woke and found himself famous, there lies 
embedded this secret aspiration undreamt of in the philosophy of "Pigs 

is Pigs:" 

"I care not that life's lease be long: 

But I could wish my heart to beat 
Until my work is all complete, 

And I have sung my richest song." 




EDWIN L. SABIN. 

Among the more notable minnesingers of Iowa is Miss Belle E. 
Smith, of Newton, whose authorship of the popular poem, "If I Should 
Die Tonight," has been proven beyond further question by Prof. Gist 
of the State Normal College. 

Edwin L. Sabin, humorist, short-story writer and novelist, also has 
his poetic side scarcely surmised by the readers of "When you were a 
Boy." Buried deep in that forest of woodsy suggestion, Country Life in 
America — in the number of October, 1902, is to be found this revela- 
tion of the poet-side of Mr. Sabin's nature: 

"Upon the purple hillside, vintage-stained, 
In drowsy languor brown October lies, 

Like one who has the banquet goblet drained, 
And looks abroad with dream-enchanted eyes." 

Seldon L. Whitcomb, long a professor in Iow T a College, Grinnell, 
is the author of several volumes of short poems, many of them gems 
of purest ray. 

Eugene F. Ware ("Ironquill") is claimed by Iowa though most of 
his life was spent in a neighboring state. Never a great poet, he struck 
a few popular notes which still reverberate. 

— PAGE FIFTY-TWO 



Nixon Waterman, an Iowan who has wandered far afield, has been 
too busy as a journalist to become a great poet; but he has contributed 
to the good cheer of man}' people. 

One of the most soulful poems yet published in Poetry (Chicago) is 
"The Wife," by Helen Cowles Le Cron, of Des Moines. It makes the 
reader feel the loneliness of the mountains and the longing of the exile 
for the gentle land of Iowa where the days go dancing past, and where 
the poet's heart was very light, and life was very sweet. It is an 
open secret that Mrs. Le Cron writes the clever verse signed "Martha 
Hart" which appears almost daily in the Evening Tribune, of Des 
Moines. 

II. 

Many seem to regard literature as fiction — and fiction only. Nor 
is it any wonder, for during the last decade, far more than ever before, 
our poets, philosophers and reformers have chosen the fiction route as 
the most effective way to minds and hearts. Nor is it strange that in 
the public mind literature is synonymous with fiction, when our book- 
counters are piled high with "best sellers" and the sale of standard 
works is largely relegated to subscription houses and dealers in out-of- 
print books. You may be surprised to learn that, last year, in seventy- 
three free public libraries in Iowa, the average circulation of "adult 
fiction," as compared with all other books, was as 60 to 40, and that in 
fifteen of these libraries the circulation of adult fiction was more than 
75 per cent of the entire output of books. 

Recognizing this strong trend, many gifted Iowans have chosen fic- 
tion as their chief avenue of expression ; and, in this difficult field of 
their choosing, not a few have succeeded. The three Iowans who ten 
years ago held the highest places as creators of fiction still firmly hold 
their respective places. 

"Knitters in the Sun," published in 1887, made "Octave Thanet" 
(Miss Alice French, of Davenport,) famous as a writer of short stories. 
"Expiation" later revealed a staying power which found a fuller develop- 
ment in "The Missionary Sheriff" and "The Man of the Hour." Be- 
tween the book first-named and Miss French's "A Step on the Stair" 
(19 13) are several collections of admirable short stories, many of them 
located in Iowa. Possibly no finer type of the distinctively American 
short-story can be found than "A Captured Dream," first published in 
Harper's Magazine. 

Though Hamlin Garland slipped away from Iowa in the early 
eighties, the stories that made him famous, "Main-Traveled Roads" 
(1890) which ran through many editions, also at least two of his earlier 

PAGE FIFTY-THREE 



novels, "A Spoil of Office" and "A Member of the Third House," 
with a score or more of his later short stories, had for their setting the 
homely farm life and the crude local and political conditions in Iowa 
in the seventies and eighties. His recent visit to Iowa revealed the same 
fond recollection to which he so eloquently referred in "Boy Life in 
the West," published in the Midland early in 1894. "I wonder," ex- 
claimed he in closing, "if, far out in Iowa, the boys are still playing 
'Hi Spy' around the straw-piles!.... — That runic chant, with its 
endless repetitions, doubtless is heard on any moonlit night in far-off 
Iowa. I wish I might join once more in the game — I fear I could 
not enjoy 'Hi spy' even were I invited to join. But I sigh with a curious 
longing for something that was mine in those days on the snowy Iowa 
plains. What was it? Was it sparkle of winter stars? Was it state- 
ly march of moon? Was it the presence of dear friends? Yes; all these, 
and more — it was Youth!" To the long list of Mr. Garland's achieve- 
ments in literature since 1890 may be added: "The Long Trail," 
"Money Magic," "Boy Life on the Prairie," "The Shadow World," 
"Cavanaugh — Forest Ranger," and "Victor Olnee's Discipline." 

Emerson Hough, perhaps the best-known of native Iowans in litera- 
ture, passed many out-of-door years as a roving correspondent of Forest 
and Stream. In 1 897 he well told "The Story of the Cowboy." Three 
years later, was published his first novel, "The Girl at the Halfway 
House." Next appeared, in 1902, a historical novel entitled "The 
Mississippi Bubble." Then followed a series of far-western tales into 
which are deftly woven many early experiences and observations on the 
trail and in the mountains. His more recent output includes "The 
Way of a Man," "Fifty-four Forty or Fight," "The Sowing," "The 
Young Alaskans," "The Purchase Price," "John Rawn" and "The 
Lady and the Pirate." 

This is not an inventory. The most which can be attempted in this 
general review is to "hit the high places." 

Turn from the latest "Who's Who in America" to the "Who's Who" 
of ten years ago, and note the rapid advance made by Iowa authors. 
Though 156 Iowans were mentioned in that work in 1905, few of these 
were authors. Of the 413 mentioned in 1915, many are so classified. 

Ten years ago, the editors of "Who's Who," had not yet heard of 
Randall Parrish — though "When Wilderness was King" was written 
in 1904. Since then, at least eighteen novels, most of them historical, 
have made his name a household word. 

Rupert Hughes had written "American Composers," "Love Affairs 
of Great Americans," and a few plays. Now, the list of his stories and 



- PAGE KII'TY-FOUR 



plays occupies a half-column of fine type, and the name of their author is 
persistently featured by editors, theatre and movie managers. 

In 1905 Susan Glaspell (Cook) was reporting state house news, etc., 
for the Daily Capital, Des Moines. After trying her 'prentice han' on 
short stories, she finally (in 1909) committed her literary fortunes to a 
novel, "The Glory of the Conquered," the intensity and strength of 
which won high praise for its unknown author. "The Visioning." soon 
followed. The scenes are laid in Davenport and Chicago. Though 
not as well-sustained as her first work, its pictures of life among the 
lowly in Chicago are admirably drawn. Her latest novel, "Lifted 
Masks," is a fearless revelation of life as seen by its keenly observant 
author. 




ELLIS PARKER BUTLER. 



Another product of the last decade is Edna Ferber, who, by the mag- 
azine route, has traveled fast and far toward fame and fortune. Her 
clever creation, "Emma McChesney" is better known to thousands than 



-PAGE FIFTY-FIVE 



is the President's wife, and is as original as are any of Dickens' crea- 
tions. A few years ago, Miss Ferber was making the great life study — 
human nature — from behind the counter in her father's general store in 
Ottumwa. 

Among the younger of our Iowa born authors is Eleanor Hoyt 
Brainerd. Mrs. Brainerd grew from journalistic work on the New 
York Sun into short-story writing for magazines. Her books have en- 
joyed great popularity, chiefly because of their clever picturing of the 
subtle charm and irresistible humor of that unique product of the ages, 
the American girl. Her "Bettina" and her "Belinda" are better known 
to thousands, young and old, than our next-door neighbors are to us. 

Another fiction writer, unknown ten years ago, but now known and 
read wherever public libraries supply the young with entertaining and 
wholesome reading, is Guielma Zollinger, of Newton, Iowa, whose 
"Widow O'Callaghan's Boys" and "Maggie McLenehan" are among 
our most deservedly popular children's books. 

Herbert Quick, born in Grundy county, Iowa, was ten years ago the 
manager of a telephone company in Sioux City. Today his books are 
everywhere read. His "American Inland Waterways" is scarcely less 
known than are his popular "Aladdin & Co.", and "Virginia of the Air 
Lines." 

Among the successful authors, in the difficult field of literature for 
children, is Emilie Stapp of Des Moines, whose "Squaw Lady," "Uncle 
Peter: Heathen," "Trail of the Go-Hawks," and other spirited and 
humorous stories have had many readers. Margaret Coulson Walker 
has also succeeded in this difficult field. Her "Bird Legends and Life," 
"Lady Hollyhock and Her Friends," and other charmingly written and 
beautifully illustrated books, published by Doubleday, have permanent 
value. Successful, also, are the Rand books by Ida M. Huntington, 
"Christmas Party for Santa Claus," "Garden of Heart's Delight," and 
"Peter Pumpkin in Wonderland." 

The late Alice Ilgenfritz, of Cedar Rapids, author of "High- 
water Mark," published in 1879, contributed to the Midland Monthly 
in the early numbers an extremely interesting serial, "Beatrice of Bayou 
Teche." This was followed in 1900 by a strong historical novel en- 
titled "Chevalier St. Denis." Mrs. Jones' ill-health alone prevented 
the rounding out of a brilliant career. 

Twenty-six or more titles, covering stories and plays, mark the 
literary output of Helen Sherman Griffith, daughter of the late Hoyt 
Sherman, of Des Moines, a lady of rare personal and literary qualities. 



PAGE FIFTY-SIX 



Her cleverness in the minor parts suggests possibilities for major parts in 
the near future of American literature. 

A religious novel entitled "Passing the Word" by the late Helen H. 
Henshaw, prominent in Y. W. C. A. activities, has passed through 
several editions. 

Walter Barr, of Keokuk, now professor in Highland Park Col- 
lege, is the author of a popular novel entitled "Shacklett," and of clever 
short stories, published in the palmy days of McClure's Magazine. 

William Otis Lillibridge and Willis G. Emerson are novelists whose 
works threaten to break into the ranks of the best sellers. "Ben Blair" 
and "Where the Trail Divided" are Mr. Lillibridge's most popular 
works. Mr. Emerson's "Buell Hampton" still leads his later novels 
with a partial public. 

A new and promising name in Iowa literature is Ethel Hueston, 
whose first book, "Prudence of the Parsonage," is knocking hard for 
admission into the lists of the best sellers. 

The older readers of Current Literature miss the genial humor of 
"Bob" Burdette. They can still hear the "Chimes from a Jester's 
Bell," though the lovable jester is gone. 

A critic in the Boston Transcript reviewing the short stories of the 
year 1915, mentions "one new periodical, The Midland, of Iowa City," 
as claiming "unique attention in that its nine short stories published in 
1 91 5 embody the most vital interpretation in fiction of our national life 
that many years have been able to show." High praise, indeed! The 
Midland editor, Mr. Frederick, has also published a number of fine 
poems and essays. 

III. 

President Thomas H. Macbride, of our State University, and Prof. 
Louis H. Pammel, of our State College, have made the secrets of plant 
life known to thousands. Carl Snyder, of New York, born in Iowa, has 
popularized applied science. Woods Hutchinson, has divested "Eugenics" 
of its fads and made living less hard — better worth the living. 

One of the world's great writers on constitutional and institutional 
themes is Jesse Macy, of Grinnell, who though past his threescore 
and ten, is still actively engaged in the study of political science. 



-PAGE FIFTY-SEVEN 



Prof. Charles H. Weller, a classicist and archaeologist of note, has 
added to his fame hy his new work entitled, "Athens and Its Monu- 
ments." Frederick J. Lazell, of Cedar Rapids, is the Burroughs, or 
1 horeau, of Iowa, with a fine literary touch of his own besides. Charles 
Rollin Keyes and Arthur G. Leonard (Mr. Leonard now State Geolo- 
gist of North Dakota) have followed in the illustrious footsteps of the 
late Samuel Calvin, Iowa's great geologist, in tracing the testimony of 
the rocks so clearly that the wayfaring man, though untrained in science, 
cannot err therein. 




There passed away, in February last, one of the strong men of 
Iowa. Though primarily an editor, Henry Wallace was also an essayist. 
He had written several books; but the one most likely to last is his 
"Uncle Henry's Letters to the Farm Boy," which the Macmillans have 
run through many editions. 



— PAGE FIFTY-EIGHT 



A vigorous writer on historical and economic themes is Frank I. 
Herriott, professor of economics and political science in Drake Univer- 
sity. His virile writings have been numerous and have made them- 
selves felt in recent legislation. 

Frank L. McVey, president of the State University of North Da- 
kota, who passed his childhood and youth in Des Moines, has made en- 
during contribution to the solution of public and governmental ques- 
tions. 

A prolific writer for the magazines is George E. Roberts, the New 
York banker, long editor of the Fort Dodge, Iowa, Messenger. His 
"Coin at School in Finance," a reply to "Coin's Financial School" made 
him famous. His later works are substantial contributions to political 
science. 

Charles Edward Russell, one of the world's famous socialists, was 
born and reared in Davenport, Iowa. His books, literary and socialistic, 
are thoughtful and forceful. 

Edward A. Steiner, of Grinnell, has drawn from old-world experi- 
ences and world-wide research the subject-matter of a dozen human- 
interest stories which have greatly enlarged our view of America's duty 
to its immigrant population. 

A fine piece of constructive criticism is "Further Study of Othello," 
by Welker Given, published by the Shakespearean Press, and a valued 
volume in that society's famous collection. 

In a class by herself is Julia Ellen Rogers, for years a teacher of 
science in Iowa. Reared on a farm and a thorough student of the fields 
and woods, her contributions to popular science created for her a place 
on the editorial staff of Country Life in America. Nearly every library 
in the country has on its shelves well-worn copies of her "Trees Every 
Child Should Know," "Earth and Sky," "Among Green Trees," etc. 

IV. 

In no other department of literary activity in Iowa has there been 
quite as much of promise and performance as in history. For this we 
are mainly indebted to The State Historical Society of Iowa, under the 
superintendency of Dr. Benj. F. Shambaugh, assisted by Messrs. Clark, 
Van der Zee, Pelzer, Horack, and others. In addition to the publication 
of The Iowa Journal of History and Politics, a library in itself, the 
Society has projected a Biographical Series to which Messrs. Parish^ 
Pelzer, Gregory, Reid and Brigham have contributed ; an Economic 
History Series to which Messrs. Downey and Brindley have each given 

- — PAGE FIFTY-NINE 



the results of scholarly research; an Applied History Series with con- 
tributions by Messrs. Shambaugh, Brindley, Downey, Horack, Peterson, 
Patton, Van der Zee, Briggs, Haynes and Gillin ; a Social History Series 
with volumes by Messrs. Briggs and Gillin ; and a long series of miscel- 
laneous publications prepared by Messrs. Shambaugh, Wick, Perkins, 
Parish, Pickard, Deemer, Rich, McClain, McCarty, Clark, Van der 
Zee, Aurner, Jones, Weld, and others. A six-volume work of rare value 
has recently been published by the Society entitled "History of Education 
in Iowa" by Clarence Ray Aurner. 




PRESIDENT THOMAS HUSTON MACBRIDE, Ph. U., IX,. D., 
State University of Iowa, Iowa City. 



In this connection special mention should be made of Mrs. Bertha 
M. H. Shambaugh, wife of Dr. Shambaugh, whose contributions to 
periodicals are overshadowed by her interesting and valuable social and 
historical study, "Amana: The Community of True Inspiration." 

— PAGE SIXTY 



The history of the State has for many years been enriched by the 
Annals of Iowa, long edited by Curator Charles Aldrich, of the Histori- 
cal Department of Iowa, and ably continued by his successor, Edgar R. 
Harlan. 

Benjamin F. Gue's "History of Iowa," is pre-eminently valuable as a 
first-hand story of events in the last half-century in which, as reformer, 
legislator and lieutenant-governor, the author himself modestly bore an 
important part. 

S. H. M. Byers' "Iowa in War Times," first published in 1888, is 
still the most valuable record of the heroic period in Iowa history. 

A voluminous work was recently issued by the S. J. Clarke Publishing 
Company, Chicago, entitled "Iowa: Its History and Its Foremost Citi- 
zens," bringing the story of the state down to the year 1916. The 
work includes a series of "Historical Biographies" ranging all the way 
from Julien Dubuque to Senators Dolliver and Cummins. A one vol- 
ume school, library and home edition is in course of preparation. 

Among the historical writers of America, Irving B. Richman, of 
Muscatine, takes high rank. His works are permanent contributions to 
American history. The most valuable of these is his "California under 
Spain and Mexico." His "Rhode Island, Its Making and Its Meaning," 
in the American Commonwealth series, was honored with an Introduction 
by James Bryce. His "John Brown Among the Quakers" is an inter- 
esting and valuable chapter to Iowa history. 



Surely this brief and incomplete showing reveals a degree of actual 
achievement and sure promise which ought to satisfy the most skeptical 
that at least a substantial foundation has been laid for a glorious super- 
structure of Iowa literature. 



-PAGE SIXTY-ONE 



SELECTIONS BY IOWA AUTHORS. 

MY CYCLONE-PROOF HOUSE. 
By Ellis Parker Butler. 

Two or three months ago, when I was just deciding to build a house, 
I saw in our local paper a description of a cyclone-proof dwelling. Now, 
if there is anything I dislike, it is to have a full-blooded, centripetal 
twister come cavorting through the air and wipe my dwelling off the 
earth. It annoyed me to go down cellar for a bottle of raspberry jam, 
only to find that while I was below, my house was flipped into Dugan's 
potato-patch, and deposited there tails up, heads down, and not a thing 
left on my lot except my neighbor's hencoop and the wind-proof, fire- 
proof, water-proof eight-per-cent mortgage that I put on the lot myself 
four years ago next August, and which could not be blown off with four 
tons of dynamite. 

Having such a deep-rooted hatred of the cyclone, I was naturally 
much taken with the account of the cyclone-proof house, and I had one 
built on my lot. The house was as simple as it was perfect. The prin- 
cipal feature was a sort of circular track or rail on which the house could 
revolve, a fin or rudder being placed over the kitchen in such a manner 
that it must necessarily catch the wind and swing the house around on the 
circular track. In this way the front of the house was always in the 
teeth of any strong breeze. And here came in the practical part of the 
scheme; for in the front room over the hall was a port-hole from which 
protruded a small cannon. This cannon discharged loaded bombs at any 
approaching cyclone-cloud. The explosion of the bomb in the bosom 
of the cloud was said to rip the airy devastation into flinders. 

When my house was completed it was a source of pride to me and 
a source of wondering curiosity to the townsfolk. On the first breezy 
day I operated the revolving device, and found it worked perfectly. 
The house is supposed to front north, and the breeze came strongly 
from the south, and my pulses thrilled with pleasure as the house swung 
slowly and grandly around in the wind. 

But, unfortunately, the wind stayed from the south until nightfall, 
when it died, leaving my house in a most peculiar position, with the 
front porch adjacent to the hog-pen, and the kitchen within three feet of 
the front gate. I prayed earnestly for wind for a week, but none arose, 
and during that time my house was the joke of the village. At the end 
of the week I rented Silas Bogg's ox-team, and pulled the house into 
its normal position ; and it was indeed a great comfort to be able to 

— PAGE SIXTY-TWO 



empty the dish-water without having to carry it from the kitchen 
through the dining-room and parlor, and out at the front door into the 
back yard. 

However, the real test of the house did not occur until about a month 
thereafter. To tell the truth, I am a little timid in a storm since our 
house was blown into Dugan's field ; and as for my wife, she would rather 
break her neck falling down the cellar stairs than risk it in a May 
zephyr. This timidity accounts for our loss of presence of mind the 
night it stormed. We were in bed and asleep, and I was dreaming I 
was at sea on a very dizzy vessel, when my wife shook me and said a 
fearful storm was coming; and, in fact, the house was spinning round 
like a top, now making six or eight revolutions to the right, and then 
suddenly whirling to the left, like a half-witted kitten with a fit. The 
wind seemed to have no stability, and veered constantly, and I could 
not see a yard from the window where I stood ready to fire the cyclone- 
bomb at first sight of the monster. My wife stood at my side, and 
gazed with me out of the window into the blackness. Suddenly she gave 
a cry of alarm. "There! there!" she shrieked; and I too saw the 
cyclone-cloud rising dark and ominous before us. In a thought I had 
fired the cannon ; the bomb sped on its way, and I heard it explode 
with a terrific crash. For a moment we waited in breathless anxiety, 
and then she fell into my arms, sobbing, "Oh, Henry, Henry! we are 
saved!" 

And we were. 

The cyclone didn't catch us that night. It couldn't. In fact, 
there was no cyclone. It was just a plain, everyday blow — a little one- 
horse, two-for-a-nickel wind. 

But I had tried the cyclone-bomb gun. The next morning I went 
out to see what I had been gunning at. It was my barn ! In the dark 
I dare say it resembled a cyclone, but by day it resembled a pile of 
kindling-wood. I had simply shot a first-class red barn into atoms, and 
had slaughtered a good, steady, five-year-old family horse, and a nice 
spotted Jersey cow with two toes on each foot and burs in her tail. 

Cyclone-proof houses? No I No, Sir! Not for Uncle Harry! I 
have had my experience. I am only glad the wind was from the south 
instead of from the west when I fired the fatal bomb. Had it been from 
the west, I should have knocked the internal effects clean out of my 
neighbor Murphy's home, to say nothing of neighbor Murphy himself. 

And, by the way, if you hear of any one who would like to purchase 
a cyclone-proof house, he can get one from me at reduced rates, and I 
will throw in a sixty-foot lot with a hearty mortgage on it, and a brand- 
new red barn on which softly rests a brand-new mechanic's lien. 

— PAGE SIXTY-THREE 



THE GUARD ON THE VOLGA. 
S. H. M. Byers. 

What is it you're watching, good soldier, 

In the forest so dark and lone 
I have heard of no Turkish cannon, 

And our Czar is at peace at home. 
Why stand on the Volga River, 

When the night is so cold and drear? 
My Christ! must a soldier shiver, 

When never a foeman is near? 

Hark ! peasant, across there, an army 

Lies hid in the brushwood and moss, 
And the sergeant said: "Watch by the ferry, 

And see that no picket shall cross." 
I charged the red ditches at Plevna, 

And knew the foes' sabres by sight. 
It was fierce! it was death! but I never 

Knew fear in my life till to-night. 

By Heavens! I tremble. What is it? 

What is it, this army so near? 
Why don't the drums bent to the rescue? 

Why is not our Skobeleff here? 
Are hordes of the desert upon us, 

Are China's fierce legions at war. 
And we but one guard on the Volga? 

God save our good land and the Czar! 

A fiercer foe, far than the Tartar, — 

And armies of China are small 
When counted beside the battalions 

That muster to conquer them all. 
'Tis the Pestilence marching in silence, 

That hides in the brushwood and moss ; 
But the sergeant said: "St ; ck to the ferry. 

And see that no picket shall cross." 

Great God! Do they think that picket 

Can stop what the Heavens command? 
That bullets mav wrestle with angels. 

To keep the Plague out of the land? 
Oh! soldier, I'm but a poor peasant, 

Yet know that God has but one way. 
Trust sabre, nor rifle, nor picket, 

But kneel by the Volga and pray. 



-PAGE SIXTY-FOUR 



And peasant and soldier together 

Knelt down in the forest alone, 
And prayed that that night on the Volga 

The hand of the Lord should be shown. 
And though the Plague lurks on the border, 

And hides 'mid the brushwood and moss, 
God's angels keep watch o'er the ferry, 

And see that no picket shall cross. 



SONG FOR LABOR DAY. 
Lewis Worthington Smith. 

We are the builders, the makers, 

The ultimate shapers of earth. 
Out of our blood and our sinews 

The joys that shall be must have birth. 
We are the builders, the makers; 

Without us life falls upon dearth. 

We are the hopers, the dreamers. 

We toil and we trust in the years. 
We fashion the fabrics of pleasure 

For those who take toll of our tears. 
We are the hopers, the dreamers; 

We must not fall back upon fears. 

We are the powers, the fulfillers. 

We harness the uttermost lands, 
We thrill to man's passionate fancies, 

Make fact of his burning commands. 
We are the powers, the fulfillers ; 

The Destinies throb in our hands. 

We are the wills, the creators. 

We breathe on the dust of our dreams. 
This is the seed-time of labor; 

To-morrow the purple fruit gleams. 
We are the wills, the creators; 

Dawn breaks on the hills and the streams. 

We are the slaves and the masters. 

We wait till we come to our own. * 
We shall be lords of the highways. 

We fashioned them stone by stone. 
We are the slaves and the masters ; 

We bow till we sit on the throne. 



-PACE SIXTY-FIVE 



"PRAIRIE MEMORIES." 

Hamlin Garland. 

Reference has been made to Hamlin Garland, now a temporary exile 
in New York City — and to his love for his boyhood home in the West. 
Here is his initial poem in "Prairie Songs": 

A wide cloud-peopled summer-sky; 
Sea-drifting grasses, rustling reeds, 
Where young grouse to their mothers cry, 
And locusts pipe from whistling weeds ; 
Broad meadows lying like lagoons 
Of sunniest waters, on whose swells 
Float nodding blooms to tinkling bells 
Of bob-o'-linkum's wildest tunes; 

Far west-winds bringing odors, fresh 
From mountains clothed as monarchs are 
In royal robes of ice and snow, 
Where storms are bred in thunder-jar; 
Land of corn, and wheat, and kine, 
Where plenty fills the hand of him 
Who tills the soil or prunes the vine 
Or digs in thy far canons dim — 

My Western land, I love thee yet! 
In dreams I ride my horse again 
And breast the breezes blowing fleet 
From out the meadows cool and wet, 
From fields of flowers blowing sweet, 
And flinging perfume to the breeze. 
The wild oats swirl along the plain ; 
I feel their dash against my knees, 
Like rapid plash of running seas. 

I pass by islands, dark and tall, 

Of slender poplars thick with leaves; 

The grass in rustling ripple, cleaves 

To left and right in emerald flow; 

And as I listen, riding slow, 

Out breaks the wild bird's jocund call. 

Oh, shining suns of boyhood's time! 

Oh, winds that from the mythic west 

Sang calls to Eldorado's quest! 

Oh, swaying wild bird's thrilling chime! 

When the loud city's clanging roar 

Wraps in my soul as if in shrouds 

I hear those sounds and songs once more, 

And dream of boyhood's wind-swept clouds.- 

— PAGE SIXTY-SIX 



THE ROSE OF IOWA. 
By S. II. M. Dyers. 

Hast seen the wild rose of the West, 
The sweetest child of the morn? 

Its feet the dewy fields have pressed, 
Its breath is on the corn. 

The gladsome prairie rolls and sweeps, 

Like billows to the sea, 
While on its breast the red rose keeps 

The white rose company. 

The wild, wild rose whose fragrance dear 

To every breeze is flung, 
The same wild rose that blossomed here 

When Iowa was young 

Let others sing of mountain snows, 

Or palms beside the sea, 
The state emblems is the rose 

Is fairest far to me. 




The Prairie Rose of Iowa. 



PAGE SIXTY-SEVEN 



THE WIFE. 
Helen Coicles Le Cron. 

I am young, O shaggy mountains ; I am young and you are old ; 

You are mighty, brooding pines, and I am small; 
And your great, gaunt shadows crush me with a horror still and cold, 

And your sullen silence holds me like a pall. 

Just today I went for water to a little silver spring 

Where the air was sweet and scarlet berries grew; 

And my dreams came flocking homeward and my haunting fears took 
wing 
Till the night crawled forth to meet me. Then I knew. 

I am stranger to your silence ; I am alien to your might ; 

I am longing for a little, laughing world 
"Where the days went dancing past me, for my heart was very light, — 

And from many friendly hearths the smoke up-curled. 

Yet he loves you, lonely mountains, and he says he loves me too, 

And his cabin nestles trusting at your feet; 
But my heart is torn with longing for the gentle land I knew — 

And the careless hours when life was very sweet. 
Will you always frown upon me through the weary, weary years 

Till my dream-home fades to silence and to night? 
I was gay, O brooding mountains, till you taught me pain and tears. 

I am alien to your solitude and might. 



FROM "SONNETS OF A PORTRAIT PAINTER" 

A remarkable group of fifty-seven sonnets by Arthur Davison Ficke 
appeared in the Forum of August, 1914. Following is the twentieth of 
the series: 

Ah, life is good! And good thus to behold 

From far horizons where their tents are furled 

The mighty storms of Being rise, unfold, 

Mix, strike, and crash across a shaken world: 

Good to behold their trailing rearguards pass, 

And feel the sun renewed its sweetness send 

Down to the sparkling leaf-blades of the grass, 

And watch the drops fall where the branches bend. 

I think today I almost were content 

To hear some bard life's epic story tell, — 

To view the stage through some small curtain-rent, 

Mere watcher at this gorgeous spectacle. 

But now the curtain lifts: — my soul's swift powers 

Rise robed and crowned — for lo ! the play is ours! 

— PAGE SIXTY-EIGHT 



FROM "THE MISSISSIPPI BUBBLE" 

Mention has been made of Emerson Hough's historical novel, "The 
Mississippi Bubble". Without attempting to retell the story, the editor 
will have to content himself with two quotations illustrative of Mr. 
Hough's masterly style. Here is a picture of the valley of the Mississippi 
CMassasebe) as the Illini left it and as John Law and Mary Connynge 
found it: 

Thus began, slowly and in primitive fashion, the building of one 
of the first cities of the vast valley of the Massasebe ; the seeds of civiliza- 
tion taking hold upon the ground of barbarism, the one supplanting the 
other, yet availing itself of that other. As the white men took over the 
crude fields of the departed savages, so also they appropriated the imper- 
fect edifice which the conquerors of those savages had left for them. It 
was in little the story of old England herself, builded upon the races and 
the ruins of Briton, and Roman, and Saxon, of Dane and Norman. 

Under the direction of Law, the walls of the old war house were 
strengthened with an inner row of palisades, supporting an embankment 
of earth and stone. The overlap of the gate was extended into a re- 
entrant angle, and rude battlements were erected at the four corners 
of the inclosure. The little stream of unfailing water was led through 
a corner of the fortress. In the center of the inclosure they built the 
houses ; a cabin for Law, one for the men, and a larger one to serve as 
store room and as trading place, should there be opportunity for trade. 

"The smoke of the new settlement rose steadily day by day, but it 
gave signal for no watching enemy. All about stretched the pale green 
ocean of the grasses, dotted by many wild flowers, nodding and bowing 
like bits of fragile flotsam on the surface of a continually rolling sea. 
The little groves of timber, scattered here and there, sheltered from the 
summer sun the wild cattle of the plains. The shorter grasses hid the 
coveys of the prairie hens, and on the marsh-grown bayou banks the wild 
duck led her brood. A great land, a rich, a fruitful one, was this that 
lay about these adventurers. 

A soberness had come over the habit of the master mind of this 
little colony. His hand took up the ax, and forgot the sword and gun. 
Day after day he stood looking about him, examining and studying in 
little all the strange things which he saw; seeking to learn as much as 
might be of the timorous savages, who in time began to straggle back to 
their ruined villages ; talking, as best he might, through such interpreting 
as was possible, with savages who came from the west of the Messasebe, 
and from the South and from the far Southwest; hearing, and learning 
and wondering of a land which seemed as large as all the earth, and 

— PAGE SIXTY-NINE 



various as all the lands that lay beneath the sun — that West, so glorious, 
so new, so boundless, which was yet to be the home of countless hearth- 
fires and the sites of myriad fields of corn. . . Let others hunt, and 
fish, and rob the Indians of their furs, after the accepted fashion of th? 
time; as for John Law, he must look about him, and think, and watch 
this growing of the corn. 

He saw it fairly from its beginning, this growth of the maize, this 
plant which never yet had grown on Scotch or English soil; this tall, 
beautiful, broad-bladed, tender tree, the very emblem of all fruitfulness. 
He saw here and there, dropped by the careless hand of some departed 
Indian woman, the little germinating seeds, just thrusting their pale 
green heads up through the soil, half broken by the tomahawk. He 
saw the clustering green shoots — numerous, in the sign of plenty — all 
crowding together and clamoring for light, and life, and air, and room. 
He saw the prevailing of the tall and strong upthrusting stalks, after 
the way of life; saw the others dwarf, and whiten, and yet cling on at 
the base of the bolder stem, parasites, worthless, yet existing after the 
way of life. 

He saw the central stalks spring boldly up, so swiftly that it almos' 
semed possible to count the successive leaps of progress. He saw the 
strong-ribbed leaves thrown out, waving a thousand hands of cheerful 
welcome and assurance — these blades of the corn, so much mightier than 
any blades of steel. He saw the broad beckoning banners of the pale 
tassels bursting out atop of the stalk, token of fecundity and of the 
future. He caught the wide-driven pollen as it whitened upon the 
earth, borne by the parent West Wind, mother of increase. He saw 
the thickening of the green leaf at the base, its swelling, its growth and 
expansion, till the indefinite enlargement showed at length the incipient 
ear. 

He noted the faint brown of the ends of the sweetly-enveloping silk 
of the ear, pale-green and soft underneath the sheltering and protecting 
husk. He found the sweet and milk-white tender kernels, row upon 
row, forming rapidly beneath the husk, and saw at length the hardening 
and darkening of the husk at its free end, which told that man might 
pluck and eat. 

And then he saw the fading of the tassels, the darkening of the silk 
and the crinkling of the blades ; and there, borne on the strong parent 
stem, he noted now the many full-rowed ears, protected by their husks 
and heralded by the tassels and the blades. "Come, come ye, all ye 
people! Enter in, for I will feed ye all!" This was the song of the 
maize, its invitation, its counsel, its promise. 

— PAGE SEVENTY 



Under the warped lodge frames which the fires of the Iroquois had 
spared, there was yet visible clusters of the ears of last year's corn. 
Here, under his own eye, were growing yet other ears, ripe for the 
harvesting and ripe for the coming growth. A strange spell fell upon 
the soul of Law. Visions crossed his mind, born in the soft warm air 
of these fecundating winds, of this strange yet peaceful scene. 

And here is an impressionistic sketch of the great success which fol- 
lowed failure: 

Lady Catherine Knollys, left alone : gazed upon the sleeper. John 
Law, the failure, lay there, supine, abased, cast-down, undone; shorn 
utterly of his old arrogance of mind and mien. Fortune, wealth, even 
the boon of physical well-being — all had fled from him. The pride of 
a superb manhood had departed from the lines of his limp figure. The 
cheeks were lined and sunken, the eyes, even had the lid not covered it, 
lacked the late convincing fire. No longer commanding, no longer 
strong, no longer gay and debonair, he lay, a man whose fate was failure, 
as he himself had said. 

The woman who stood with clasped hands, gazing at him, tears 
welling in her eyes — she, so closely linked to his every thought for these 
many years — well enough she knew the story of his boundless ambitions, 
now so swiftly ended. Well enough, too, she knew the shortcomings 
of this mortal man before her. Even as she had in her mirror looked 
into her own soul, so now she saw deep into his heart as he lay there, 
helpless, making no further plea for himself, urging no claim, making no 
explanations nor denials, no asseverations, no promises. Did she in- 
deed see and recognize again, as sometimes gloriously happens in this 
poor life of ours, that other and inner man, the only one fit to touch a 
woman's hand — the man who might have been ? . . . 

And so at last the gray dawn broke again. The panes of the high 
mullioned windows were tinged with splashes of color. The pale light 
crept into the room, slowly revealing and lighting up its splendors. 

With the dawn there came into the heart of Catherine Knollys a 
flood of light and joy. Why, she knew not; how, she cared not; yet 
she knew that the shadows were gone. The same tide of peace and 
calm might have swept into the bosom of the man before her. He 
stirred, moved. His eyes opened wide, in their gaze wonder and dis- 
belief, yet hope and longing. 

"Catherine," he murmured, "Catherine! Is it you? Catherine! 
Dear Kate!" 

She bent over and softly kissed his face. "Dear heart," she whisper- 
ed, "I have loved you always. Awake. The day has come. There 
is another world before us. See, I have come to you, dear heart, for 
faith, and for love, and for hope!" 

PAGE SEVENTY-ONE 



FROM "THE CAPTURED DREAM." 

In Mr. Brigham's "Literary Iowa" reference is made to "Octave 
Thanet's (Miss Alice French's) short story, "The Captured Dream." 
The editor has taken the liberty of reproducing enough of this beautiful 
sketch of country life in Iowa to enable the reader to note its idyllic 
quality. 

Somers, an artist, has come out from Chicago to paint a portrait of 
a lady. He is riding on his bicycle over the country road. He sings the 
dainty song of Andrew Lang, concluding with: 
"In dreams doth he behold her, 

Still fair and kind and young." 

He rides up to the home of Farmer Gates, who tells him, the minute 
he saw one of Somers' drawings in a Chicago paper, the artist's concep- 
tion of Columbia, he said to: "Mother" (his wife) : 

"Mother, if that feller had you to set for him, he wouldn't have 
made it much more like." About the same height, too, only fatter; but 
so like the way she looked when he was courting, it give me a start. 
I've been seeking somebody to paint a picter for me of her for a long 
spell. The minnit I seen that, I says, 'There's my man. There's the 
sofy; set down, said Gates, who seemed full of hospitable cheer. "I'll 
git a blind open. Girl's gone to the fair, and mother's setting out on 
the back piazza, listening to the noises on the road. She's all ready. 
Make yourself to home. Pastel like them picters on the wall's what I 
want. My daughter done them." His tone changed on the last sen- 
tence, but Somers did not notice it; he was drinking in the details of the 
room to describe them afterwards to his sympathizing friends in Chi- 
cago. He smiled vaguely; he said, "Yes, certainly;" and the host went 
away well content. "What a chamber of horrors!" he thought; "and 
one can see he is proud of it." 

Then he heard a dragging footfall, and there entered the mistress of 
the house. She was a tall woman who stooped. Her hair was gray 
and scanty, and so ill arranged on the top of her head that the mournful 
tonsure of age showed under the false gray braid. She was thin with 
the gaunt thinness of years and toil, not the poetic, appealing slender- 
ness of youth. She had attired herself for the picture in a black silken 
gown, sparkling with jet that tinkled as she moved; the harsh, black, 
bristling line at the neck defined her withered throat brutally. Yet 
Somer's sneer was transient. He was struck by two things — the woman 
»\as blind ; and she has once worn a face like that of the pretty girl — 
not her face, but a face like it . . Her eyes were closed, but she 

came straight towards him, holding out her hand. It was her left 

■ — PACE SEVENTY-TWO 



hand that was extended; her right closed over the top of a cane, and 
this added to the impression of decrepitude conveyed by her whole 
presence. 

She spoke in a gentle, monotonous, pleasant voice. "I guess this is 
Mr. Somers, the artist. I feel — we feel very glad to have the honor 
of meeting you, sir." 

No one had ever felt honored to meet Somers before. He thought 
how much refinement and sadness were in a blind woman's face. In his 
most deferential manner he proffered her a chair. "I presume I am to 
paint you, madam?" he said. 

She blushed faintly. "Ain't it rediculous?" she apologized. "But 
Mr. Gates will have it. He has been at me to have somebody paint a 
picture of me ever since I had my photograph taken. It was a big 
picture, and most folks said it was real good, though not flattering; but 
he wouldn't hang it. He took it off, and I don't know what he did 
do to it. 'I want a real artist to paint you, mother,' he said. I guess 
if Kitty had lived she'd have suited him, though she was all for land- 
scape; never did much figures. You noticed her work in this room, 
'aint you? — on the table and chair and organ — art needlework. Kitty 
could do anything. She took six prizes at the county fair; two of 'em 
come in after she was in her last sickness. She was so pleased she had 
the picture — that's the picture right above the sofy; it's a pastel — and the 
tidy — I mean the art needlework — put on her bed, and she looked at 
them the longest while. Her pa would never let the tickets be took 
off." She reached forth her hand to the chair near her and felt the 
ticket, stroking it absently, her chin quivering a little, while her iips 
smiled. "Mr. Gates was thinking," she said, "that maybe you'd paint 
a head of me — pastel like that landscape — that's why he likes pastel so. 
And he was thinking if — if maybe — my eyes was jest like Kitty's when 
we were married — if you would put in eyes, he would be awful much 
obliged, and be willing to pay extra, if necessary. Would it be hard?" 

Somers dissembled a great dismay, "certainly not," said he, rather 
dryly; and he was ashamed of himself at the sensitive flutter in the old 
features. 

"Of course, I know," she said, in a different tone than she had 
used before — "I understand how comical it must seem to a young man 
to have to draw an old woman's picture; but it ain't comical to my 
husband. He wants it very much. He's the kindest man that ever 
lived, to me, caring for me all the time. He got me that organ — me 
that can't play a note, and never could — just because I love to hear 
music, and sometimes, if we have an instrument, the neighbors will come 
in, especially Hattie Knight, who used to know Kitty, and is a splendid 

PAGE SEVENTY-THREE 



performer; she comes and plays and sings. It is a comfort to me. And 
though I guess you young folks can't understand it, it will be a com- 
fort to him to have a picture of me. I mistrusted you'd be thinking 
it comical, and I hurried to come in and speak to you, lest, not meaning 
anything, you might, just by chance, let fall something might hurt his 
feelings — like you thought it queer or some sech thing. And he thinks 
so much of you, and having you here, that I couldn't bear there'd be 
any mistake." 

"Surely it is the most natural thing in the world he should want a 
portrait of you," interrupted Somers, hastily. 

"Yes, it is," she answered, in her mild even tones, "but it might 
n't seem so to young folks. Young folks think they know all there is 
about loving. And it is very sweet and nice to enjoy things together; 
and you don't hardly seem to be in the world at all when you're court- 
ing, your feet and heart feel so light. But they don't know what it is 
to need each other. It's when folks suffer together that they find out 
what loving is. I never knew what I felt towards my husband till I 
lost my first baby; and I'd wake up in the night and there'd be no 
cradle to rock — and he'd comfort me. Do you see that picture under 
the photograph of the cross?" "He's a pretty boy," said Somers. 

"Yes, sir. He was drowned in the river. A lot of boys in playing, 
you know, and one got too far, and Eddy he swum out to help him. 
And he dumb up on Eddy, and the man on shore didn't git there in 
time. . . 

"Father and I went through that together. And we had to change 
all the things we used to talk of together, because Eddy was always 
in them ; and we had to try not to let each other see how our hearts 
were breaking, and not shadder Kitty's life by letting her see how we 
missed him. Only once father broke down ; it was when he gave Kitty 
Eddy's colt." She stopped, for she could not go on. ... At this 
instant the old man, immaculate in his heavy black suit and glossy white 
shirt, appeared in the doorway, bearing a tray. 

"Father," said the old wife, "do you mean to tell me you are going 
to pay a hundred dollars jest for a picture of me!" 

"Well, mother, you know there's no fool like an old fool," he re- 
plied, jocosely; but when the old wife turned her sightless face towards 
the old husband's voice and he looked at her, Somers bowed his 
head. . . . 

He spent the afternoon over his sketches. Riding away in the twi- 
light he knew that he had done better work than he had ever done in 
his life, slight as its form might be; nevertheless, he was not thinking 

• — PAGE SEVENTY-FOUR 



of his work, he was not thinking of himself at all. He was trying 
to shape his own vague perception that the show of dainty thinking 
and the pomp of refinement are in truth amiable and lovely things, yet 
are they no more than the husks of life; not only under them, but 
under ungracious and sordid conditions, may be the human semblance 
of that "beauty most ancient, beauty most new," that the old saint 
found too late. He felt the elusive presence of something in love higher 
than his youthful dream; stronger than passion, fairer than delight. 
To this commonplace man and woman had come the deepest gift of life. 
"A dream," he murmured; "yes, perhaps; but he has captured it." 



THE EXTENSION AND COMPLETION 

OF THE 

IOWA STATE CAPITOL GROUNDS 
By Edgar R. Harlan, Curator, Historical Department of Iowa. 

The world's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, greatly 
enlarged the vision and strengthened the courage of American civic 
authorities. There was exemplified the advantage of placing public 
buildings in such relation to each other that use and beauty should come 
of groups as well as of separate structures. 

No state in the Union has been benefited by this movement more 
certainly nor directly than has Iowa. A dozen of our cities and towns 
now have good landscape plans for their future building officially ap- 
proved. This sweep of popular mind through the field of civic educa- 
tion caught the interest of the governors of Iowa. Consideration of the 
landscape elements of the present and future Iowa State Capitol resulted. 
• Governor Larrabee in 1890 successfully urged the Legislature to 
improve the Capitol grounds. Governor Shaw in 1900 urged the acqui- 
sition of a large area north of the Capitol. Governor Cummins in 
1906 gave point to this thought of enlargement, and reported the 
acquisition of a certain space to the east. Governor Garst in 1909 
presented the matter more forcefully than had any of his predecessors, 
and in the plainest business language. In 191 3 Governor Carroll, 
on the Allison Memorial Commission, being squarely confronted with 
the problem of placing a fifty thousand dollar gift to Iowa "on the 
Capitol Grounds or an extension thereof," as the law required, ap- 
pealed to the legislature for a solution of the problem. Governor 
Clarke's inaugural utterance rose in its character to a challenge to the 
present generation to prepare for the future and in a special message 

PAOE SEVUNTY-FIVE 



lie drove his purpose like a thunderbolt through official indifference to 
a general and just consideration of the subject. 

The Allison Memorial Commission, of which Governor Carroll, and 
after him Governor Clarke, was a member, studied the task of so plac- 
ing an exquisite work of art that it would be neither lost in the immen- 
sity of the Capitol Building, nor by its very delicacy and refinement 
detract from the dignity or beauty of that structure. This commission 




procured a plan showing its choice of sites for the memorial, and at the 
same time showing the capitol itself, its environments as they are, and 
as they should be in time to come. This plan was presented; the legis- 
lature entertained the request with favor; investigated the probable ex- 
pense of acquiring all the additional lands embraced within the plan, 
and on April 10, 191 3, enacted as Chapter 14, Acts of the Thirty- 



— rAC.E SEVENTY-SIX 



fifth General Assembly the law directing the Executive Council to ac- 
quire and to improve all these grounds as follows : 

"All buildings, monuments, statuary, memorials, fountains, and im- 
provements hereafter erected upon the capitol grounds shall be located 
-in accordance with the plan covering said extended grounds as con- 
templated herein submitted as the Allison Memorial Commission plan 
* * * * and that said grounds shall be laid out with respect 
to drives, streets, avenues, malls, walks, bridges, terraces and other im- 
provements in all respects as contemplated and suggested by said plan 
and said plan is hereby made a part of this act." 

The Executive Council has already purchased the grounds and con- 
tracted for a large part of the landscape work. It is not intended nor 
expected that it shall immediately all be done. No one now living will 
probably ever see it finished. But by ideally locating each landscape 
object that may be produced, whether a blue grass sward, native oak, or 
stately buildings, the grounds will remain forever as pleasing as those 
of any of the great expositions. Mr. E. L. Masqueray, whose never- 
to-be-forgotten landscape triumph of the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion at St. Louis remains unsurpassed in beauty, made the plans for 
the improvement of the Capitol Grounds. He took the unrivaled 
arrangement of nature, planned its restoration and provided order in 
adding the works of man. It will be the most beautiful setting for a 
state capitol America affords ; the most complete retrieval by a state of 
a landscape opportunity in the experience of man. 



IOWA'S GREATEST NEED. 

Loyalty to State Interests. 

C. R. Scroggie, Des Moines, Iowa. 

In everything that goes to make a state self-supporting and practical- 
ly immune from financial panics, Iowa stands at the top. The state is 
young and has not yet learned the lesson of co-operation. The state of 
Iowa will come unto her own when every city, town and community 
within her borders holds the interests of the state above petty, local, 
selfish enterprise. It is possible to be a local patriot and still be an 
enemy of the state. A man is worthy of being a citizen of Iowa when 
he contributes willingly to the support of his city, county, state and 
nation. This spirit added to what nature has done for us will place and 
keep Iowa at the top. 

PAGE SEVENTY-SEVEN 




— PAGE SEVENTY-EIGHT 



GOOD ROADS. 

Alson Secor, Des Moines, loiva. 

If I were asked what, in my opinion, is the one great need of Iowa 
at this time, I would reply without hesitation, good roads — roads that 
are good every day in the year. 

Good roads are the foundation of rural contentment. They would 
break the shackles of fear that keep the Iow T a ruralist in bondage. If 
it were not for the constant fear of bad roads the common expression 
heard every time a farmer starts to market, or on a pleasure trip, "I 
wonder if it will rain," would not have the significant meaning that it 
now does. 

He must gauge his load to what the team can haul over muddy roads. 
He cannot take advantage of motor truck power and haul immense loads 
at high speed because of the bad roads. He cannot start on an auto 
pleasure trip without wondering if it will rain and make the return 
almost impossible. The children must trudge through the mud to and 
from school unless someone takes time to get them by team. It dulls his 
enthusiasm for better schooling, and makes the consolidated school seem 
like a nightmare because of the slow progress with which a team drawn 
school bus makes its rounds in bad weather. With good roads and auto 
busses, the consolidated schools would flourish like a green bay tree. 

With good roads the weather would not affect the size of the load 
to be hauled to market ; would not spoil the plans for a pleasure trip ; 
would not make much difference with the intended social gatherings of 
farmers clubs, schools or churches, and would not be so ruinous to 
regular school attendance. 

A good hard surfaced country road is as good as a city sidewalk and 
pedestrians can walk for miles dry shod and clean footed. Iowa, with 
her great variety of weather that is as fickle as a flirt, needs good roads 
more than any other one thing. She has everything else that makes for 
contentment, except those things that are so closely related to daily travel, 
and with the advent of good roads Iowa will have all that rural folks 
can wish for. 

CIVIC PRIDE. 

By L. H. Pammel, Ames, Iowa. 

The "city beautiful" or the "country beautiful" depends in a large 
measure on the attitude of the community. During pioneer days, when 
new land was brought under cultivation, the forests were cut and re- 
moved — there was little time to give to the community as a whole. Roads 

PAGE SEVENTY-NINE 




-PAGE EIGHTY 




-PAGE EIGHTY-ONE 



were laid out for the purpose of convenience, houses were built largely 
for temporary use, and all of the buildings were located for convenience 
rather than to please the eye. 

We cannot find fault with what our fathers did during these hard 
and strenuous times. The pioneer had to work long hours to keep his 
family together and arrange for some of the comforts of life. Those of 
middle age can all look back with pardonable pride at the strenuous days 
of boyhood and girlhood.' This pioneer work is done and it is for the 
present generation to provide the machinery to make life more pleasant. 

Throughout the state of Iowa there is a widespread interest in civic 
pride. It is more or less contagious. Our larger cities have started 
improvements in making the city more beautiful. As an illustration, 
see what Davenport has done in the way of planting gardens with 
flowers and adorning the city with beautiful shrubs and flowers; or see 
what Cedar Rapids is doing in the way of planting squares and providing 
parks for everyone. Again see what Des Moines has done during the 
last decade in removing the ugly and untidy spots along the Des Moines 
river. Our smaller cities are catching the fever of doing something to 
provide its citizens with beautiful places for recreation. Such women 
as Mrs. Whitley of Webster City, and a score of others are preaching 
the gospel through the Woman's Federated clubs. 

There is still room for improvement. The Iowa Highway Commis- 
sion has pushed vigorously for better highways and the planting of these 
highways with ornamental plants. It would be a good plan if some 
competition could be started among the cities and communities for the 
best kept lawns, streets and vacant places. 

The phase of the subject that has interested me most is the matter 
of the growing of weeds along the highways, vacant lots and farms of 
the state. 

We have a good law on the unlawful weeds of the state but in how 
many townships is this law enforced? I don't know of a single township 
where this law is enforced. It is true there has been some improvement 
in recent years. The question of enforcing the law depends largely on 
civic pride. There are many places in the state where not only all of 
the unlawful weeds are permitted to grow but where many other un- 
sightly plants are found on the highways and the farm. 

Great ragweeds and sunflowers reach their foliage above the fences. 
Cocklebur and horsenettle have undisputed sway in the fields. The 
highways have an abundance of weeds which make it impossible to travel 
with safety. It seems to me that if we had more civic pride these weeds 
would be removed. Every community should develop a civic pride in 
its homes. The lawns and gardens should be well kept. 



PAGE EIGHTY-TWO 




PAGE EIGHTY-TJIRKh. 



The problem might also be applied to our school grounds. There 
are few school grounds in the state that are kept as they should be. Here 
and there the grass is cut and the weeds are removed. Could we not see 
that these grounds are planted with ornamental plants, trees and shrubs? 
The educational value would be greatly increased by placing names on the 
plants. 

Every community should appoint a committee to make a report on 
the best kept lawns, the best kept gardens and best kept highways. A 
kindly rivalry between !_ r ;ies would develop civic pride. 

BETTER RURAL CULTURE. 

DISSEMINATION ON SOUND INSTRUCTION AMONG RURAL PEOPLE AN 

ABSOLUTE ESSENTIAL IF WE MAINTAIN A HEALTHY 

NATIONAL EXISTENCE 

James Atkinson, Des Aloines, Iozva. 

Material prosperity must always be the basis of social advancement, 
and by this is meant a prosperity not for the few but for all classes, and 
ultimate success in the struggle for national existence can be embraced 
only by those peoples who maintain their agricultural population on an 
exalted plane of life. Neglect of land has been the crowning blunder 
of all nations whose downfall has been recorded in history, and the evils 
attributed to unjust and unequal taxation have always grown out of 
neglect of the land. 

Wherever you find the farmer regarded as a hewer of wood and 
drawer of water you will find a canker in the heart of society. Such an 
attitude always leads to a rush of rural population to the cities, and to 
stem this tide requires the operation of sound educational forces. We 
must, therefore, remember that in giving instruction on how to make 
two blades of grass grow where but one grew before we do not overlook 
the close relationship that exists between the creation of wealth on the 
one hand, and the comforts and surroundings that make life worth while, 
on the other. 

One of the urgent needs of the present time is to create an agreeable 
social farm life, suited specifically to the needs of the farmer and his 
family. Many agencies are contributing in an important degree to this 
end. The telephone has helped immensely and rural mail delivery has 
been a great aid, while road improvement, wherever it has been tried out 
thoroughly, has been an educational agency of great significance. How- 
ever, important as these things are, they are not sufficient to contribute 
to a satisfying rural existence without the aid of a suitable and appropriate 
supply of agricultural literature. 
— PAGK bightt-four 




— PAGE EIGHTY-FIVE 



Three decades ago we had no agricultural literature to speak of and 
only with the establishment of our Experiment Stations has there been 
made available reliable scientific instruction on the various branches of 
the farmer's calling. Throughout the United States we have today 
thousands of men digging and delving for the truths of nature, and their 
findings are placed upon the farmer's reading table free for the asking. 
The pages of these bulletins are ever teeming with instruction, and the 
light they have shed on farm problems has aided tremendously in creating 
a new enthusiasm for farm life. 

If in the past the city has offered superior attractions over the coun- 
try, let it be borne in mind that a sensible reform to check this movement 
is under way. Men are beginning to understand that there is nothing 
in the nature of drudgery about farm work when the mind is trained 
to a proper appreciation of values. When agriculture is once regarded 
as an intellectual calling the farmer experiences a new inspiration. To 
him the soil becomes a wonderful laboratory of living forms, teeming 
with useful, as well as harmful, organisms. 

There is, therefore, instant appeal to the higher intelligence of the 
worker and always a prompt response by nature when effort is put forth 
in harmony with her laws. The chemical substances of the soil furnish 
most interesting actions and reactions, and to fathom these is an import- 
ant part of economical production. Plant life affords a never-ending 
stimulus to mental culture, while animal life in its widely divergent 
forms is always an illuminated text for the individual seeking advance- 
ment in knowledge. Such knowledge, however, does not come to the 
individual as the result of inspiration, but through accepted channels, 
there being now, as heretofore, no royal road to learning. 

It is here that we encounter the influence of the farm press, which 
is more and more coming to be regarded as the farmer's text book. Good 
as are the bulletins of our Stations, and beneficent their influence, there 
is need for a stepladder, as it were, to a knowledge of their contents, and 
this agency is being supplied by the agricultural paper. It is the function 
of the editor to put into the language of everyday life the technicalities 
of the scientist, and already great reliance is placed upon this educational 
agency. 

It is through the pages of his paper that the farmer jostles elbows 
with the scientist in the most intimate fashion, so that the press becomes 
a silent and sure educational force to which must be credited already 
much of our material and social progress. The agricultural paper has 
literally enlarged the campus of educational institutions until it includes 
the fields in which our crops grow as well as the yards and buildings 



— PAGE Kir;iITY-SIX 



that restrain and house our live stock, and embodies in its wide embrace 
the intimate home life of our rural people. 

It is to the agricultural press that we must appeal as the most potent 
agency of conservation, because through its educational influences men are 
being reasoned into rational practices in the handling of soils so that their 
potentialities are not destroyed, while at the same time they are respond- 
ing liberally to the magic touch of tillage operations. 

To those interested in animal and plant improvement, the agricultural 
press becomes the text book of chief reliance, because here they are con- 
stantly finding the records of those who are blazing the trail and an out- 
line of the methods of men who have attained success becomes, as it were, 
a lamp to the feet. 

While it may be argued that the agricultural press performs the 
function of contributing to material prosperity only, let it be borne in 
mind that this is the foundation stone upon which social progress de- 
pends. It is in no sense materialistic to say that the refinements of life, 
though of primal importance, are secondary in the manner in which they 
are acquired, and we thereby end where we begin by giving to the agri- 
cultural press liberal credit for what it is doing to enhance prosperity, 
and in doing this it contributes in the highest degree to the developments 
of the intellectual and spiritual life of those who till the soil. 



CITIES OF IOWA. 

While Iowa can boast of no large cities, yet a trip through and about 
the state will reveal the fact that she has several hundred cities in the 
making, and many other hundreds of goodly sized towns appropriate^ 
placed within her borders. 

Des Moines, "the City of Certainties," heads the list as the capital 
and chief city. Her form of government is a "model" and the energy 
of her people is shown in one of the best river fronts in the United States. 

Sioux City, "the natural gateway to the Great Northwest," is the 
giant trading center of the whole northwest. The largest creamery and 
butter factory in the world is located here. The population of this city 
has increased more than 30% during the past five years. 

Davenport, "the Park City," is a city of rare scenic beauty. Her 
city parks, together with the Rock Island Arsenal Reservation, have a 
total of 1,140 acres. 

— PAGE EIGHTY-SEVEN 










Washington Park, Davenport. 




Commercial Club, Davenport. 



PACK KKillTY-KICUT 




Western Flour Mills, Davenport. 

Dubuque, "the Heidelberg of America," is one of the Iowa cities 
that is proving itself superior as a manufacturing center. .It was in this 
city that the U. S. torpedo boat, Ericsson, was built and equipped. The 
U. S. revenue cutter, William Windom, was also built and equipped 
here. The Edison phonograph cabinets are built in Dubuque. 




St. Paul's Methodist Church, Cedar Rapids. 

Cedar Rapids has been called "The Model City of the Middle West." 
Here is located the largest cereal mill in the world, the chief product 
of which is known as the "Quaker Oats." The largest independent 
starch factory in the world, as well as one of two of the largest independ- 
ent packing plants in the world is also located in this city. 

PAGE EIGHTT-NJNE 




a 



- ' 



--PAGE NINETT 



Council Bluffs, "the Railroad Center of Iowa," is the focal point of 
eight of the largest railway trunk lines in the United States. The largest 
candy factory in the United States, west of Chicago, is found here. The 
largest greenhouse west of the Mississippi river is located here. 




Cedar Rapids Commercial Club. 



Clinton, "the Lumber City," might also be called the "Furniture 
City," since eight furniture manufacturing plants are located there. 

Burlington, "the Orchard City of Iowa," might well have been called 
the "City Beautiful," because of its location in one of the most picturesque 




Grand Ave. Bridge and City Hall, Cedar Rapids. 



-PAGE NINETY-ONE 



forest sections of the state. Here it was that the first capital of the terri- 
tory and of the state was established. The largest wholesale furniture 
house in the United States has Burlington for its manufacturing point. 

Ottumwa, "the Hub of the Corn and Meat section," is located in 
the richest coal mining section of the Mississippi valley. Ottumwa has 
one of two of the largest independent packing plants in the world. The 
only stoneware factory in the state is located here. Ottumwa has the 
largest Hay Tool factory west of the Mississippi. 




In Beautiful Bever Park, Cedar Rapids. 



Muscatine is known as the "Pearl Button City of the United States," 
there being some thirty-five button factories, in the city, in which fresh 
water clam shells are being made into button blanks and buttons of 




Car Coal Loader, Ottumwa. 



-PAGE NINETY-TWO 




-PAGE NINETY-THREE 



various sizes and kinds and shipped to all parts of the world. The an- 
nual output in this one industry will aggregate over three million dollars. 
The fresh water clams are gathered from all the rivers and brought 
here to be made into buttons ; and the government, itself, has recognized 
the value of the industry by establishing a biological station at Fairport, 
eight miles above the city, at an expense of nearly $250,000; where the 




City Park, Ottumwa. 

clams are propagated, with the hope of perpetuating the industry in this 
country. Not only are the buttons manufactured here, but the city 
boasts of the largest button machinery manufactory in the United States, 
whose products have found their way into practically all portions of the 
world. 




— PAGE NINETY-POUH 



City Hall, Des Moines. 




-PAGE NINETT-FIVE 




Public Library, Otumwa. 

Fort Dodge is called "the Gypsum City." Since one-seventh of all 
the gypsum mined in the United States is mined at Fort Dodge, with a 
valuation equal to one-ninth of the entire revenue of the country, it can 
readily be understood why the name "Gypsum City" is well taken. The 
largest Wall Plaster Mill in the world has its plant in this city. 

Keokuk, "the Power City of the World," is best known as the loca- 
tion of the Greatest Power Plant in the World. While the Keokuk 
Dam is located in the Mississippi River between Keokuk, Iowa, and 
Hamilton, Illinois, yet it more properly takes the name of the Iowa city. 




Young Women's Christian Association, Ft. Dodge. 
-PAGE NINETY-SIX 



While the real object in building this Giant Stop in the Mississippi 
River was for the development of a large amount of water power in the 
center of the "Father of Waters" Valley, yet another Navigation feat 
was thereby accomplished. Heretofore, twelve miles above the dam had 
been impassable for boats except at high stages of the river, and has 
been navigated through the government canal and three locks, but now 




this is done way with, and the River men are in high spirits. The bene- 
fits to the United States will run into several million dollars. 

Marshalltown, "the Central City" of "a billion dollar state," and 



-PAGE NINETY-SEVEN 



Mason City, "the World's Cement Center," have been pushing right- 
ful claims to real cities of recent development. Waterloo, "the Cream 
Separator Center," Charles City, "the Motor-Tractor City," Iowa City, 




Plymouth Clay Products Plant, Ft. Dodge. 

"the Home of the State University," Ames, the industrial university city, 
Cedar Falls, "the Teachers' College City of the Middle West," Boone, 
Oskaloosa, Creston, Centerville, LeMars, Cherokee, Red Oak, Spencer, 




Masonic Temple, Ft. Dodge. 



-PAGE NINETY-EIOHT 



Washington, Grinnell, Fort Madison, Atlantic and Algona, and half a 
hundred other towns might be mentioned with real city pride. 

While Iowa stands pre-eminent as an agricultural state there are evi- 




Methodist Church, Ft. Dodge. 

dences on every hand that she is rapidly coming to the front as a manu- 
facturing state. 




Municipal Building. Ft. Dodge. 



-PACJK NINBTV-N1NK 



PERTINENT FACTS ABOUT IOWA. 

Iowa has the greatest Cereal Mill in the world at Cedar Rapids. 

Iowa has the greatest Farm Journal Center in the world at Des 
Moines. 

Iowa has the greatest Motor Tractor factory in the world at Charles 
City. 




Hart-Parr Motor Tract 



t, Charles City. 



Iowa has the greatest Cream Separator factory in the world at 
Waterloo. 

Iowa has the greatest Steel Car factory in the world at Bettendorf. 

Iowa has the greatest Power Plant in the world at Keokuk. 

Iowa has the greatest Calendar factory in the world at Red Oak. 

Iowa has the greatest State Fair in the world at Des Moines. 

Iowa has the greatest Macaroni factory in the world at Davenport. 

Iowa has the greatest Steel Furnace factory in the world at Mar- 
sh all town. 

Iowa has the greatest Wall Plaster mill in the world at Fort Dodge. 

Iowa has the greatest Stump Puller factory in the world at Center- 
ville. 

Iowa has the greatest Creamery and Butter factory in the world at 
Sioux City. 

Iowa has the greatest Sash and Door factory west of the Mississippi 
at Dubuque. 

Iowa has the greatest Independent Starch factory in the world at 
Ceda r Rapids. 



PAGE ONE II r. vim ED 




-PAGE ONE HUNDRED ONK 



Iowa has the largest Independent Packing Plants in the world at 
Ottumwa and Cedar Rapids. 

Iowa has the greatest Greenhouse west of the Mississippi river at 
Council Bluffs. 

Iowa has the greatest Furniture factory in the United States at 
Burlington. 

Iowa has the greatest Hay Tool factory west of the Mississippi at 
Ottumwa. 




Mississippi River Power Co., Keokuk. 

Iowa has the greatest Pearl Button Center in the United States 
at Muscatine. 

Iowa has the greatest Insurance Center west of the Mississippi at 
Des Moines. 

Iowa has the greatest Drain Tile Producing Center in the world 
at Mason City. 



— PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWO 




Crescent Macaroni & Cracker Company's Plant, Davenport. 



-PACK ONE HUNDRED THREE 



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— PAGE ONE HUNDRED FOUR 




— PAGE ONE HUNDRED FIVJE, 




— PAGE ONE HITNURED SIX 



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-PAQB ONE HUNDRED SEVEN 



HEADMARKS FOR IOWA. 

Iowa stands First in total value of farm products; in combined value 
of livestock ; in value of farm property per farm ; in increased value of 
farm property during decade ending 1910; in percentage of farm land 
improved ; in percentage of total area in farms ; in number of automo- 
biles per capita; in value of horses; in value of cattle, in value of hogs; 
in number of poultry; in value of egg production; in value of farm 
implements ; in tonnage of forage crops ; in production of corn ; in pro- 
duction of oats; in production of grass seed; and in literacy. 



FACTS WORTH KNOWING ABOUT IOWA. 

Iowa's honey is worth more than the figs of California. 
Iowa's horses are worth more than the cotton crop of any state. 
Iowa's wool is worth more than the strawberries of California. 
Iowa's cattle are worth more than the tobacco crop of the United 
States. 

Iowa has more bearing apple trees than any two Pacific coast or 
mountain states. 

Iowa's corn crop is worth more than the wheat crop of Canada or 
Argentine Republic. 

Iowa's annual apple crop is worth more than that of any of the 
Pacific Coast or mountain states. 

Iowa's hens lay eggs that are worth more than all the oranges raised 
in the United States. 

Sixteen Iowa Counties raise forage crops worth more than the 
forage crops of Oklahoma, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming or Texas. 

Sixty Iowa Counties raise forage crops worth more than the forage 
crops in any western state, with all their boasted alfalfa. 

Stop! Look! Listen! Of the 289 medals and prizes offered at the 
Panama-Pacific Exposition for Agricultural products, Iowa carried off 
285 of them. 



PAGE ONE HUNDRED KIUHT 



IOWA'S RECORD 

AT THE 

PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION. 

Woodworth Chim, Secretary Greater Ioiva Association, Davenport , 

Iowa. 

HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION.. 

Very soon after the Iowa Legislative session of 191 3 came to a close, 
a group of business men, from all parts of the state, met at Des Moines 
to discuss plans for Iowa's part in the Panama-Pacific International 
Exposition. This group of men was designated as The Greater Iowa 
Association. Upon visiting sixteen of the larger cities of Iowa, con- 
tributions- amounting to $105,000 were received, as a guarantee that 
the state should be represented at the Exposition. 

CONSTRUCTION AND FURNISHING OF IOWA BUILDING. 

The Greater Iowa Association constructed the Iowa Building and 
partially furnished it. The Iowa legislature of 191 5 appropriated $75,- 
000 to complete the furnishings of the building and to defray the ex- 
penses of the Commission, during the term of the Exposition. This 
appropriation came too late to permit the Commission to prepare com- 
plete exhibits in all departments; therefore, the efforts of the Commis- 
sion were centered on having Iowa's Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 
represented. 

THE PRIZE EXHIBITION OF CORN. 

The great "river of corn," which has gone down into history, as one 
of the real features of the Exposition, was constructed at a cost of about 
one-third that of the exhibits of other states which were in competition 
for the prizes. But that pile of yellow corn, forty-five feet high and 
sixty-five feet in diameter at the bottom, coming as it did from the 
"horn of plenty," easily won for Iowa the Grand Prize in collective 
agriculture. Other than this prize, Iowa was granted a Gold Medal 
for the best bushel of corn and eight other Gold Medals for the best 
ten ear samples of the several varieties of corn. Iowa also won a Gold 
Medal on wheat, one on German millet and two more on oats. Out 
of the total of two hundred eighty-nine exhibits in agriculture, Iowa 
was given two hundred eighty-five awards. 

PAGE ONE HUNDRED NINE 




-PAGE ONE HUNDRED TSN 



IOWA IN THE LIVE STOCK EXHIBITION. 

Iowa horses were entered in five of the great draft horse divisions, 
two of the light horse divisions and in two of the pony divisions. She 
won the Grand Prize in every one of the draft horse divisions, and in 
both of the light horse divisions. In the pony division Iowa ranked 
second. Iowa won the Grand Prizes for Percherons, Belgians, Clydes- 
dales and Morgans. 

THE IOW T ANS KEPT AN OPEN HOUSE. 

The Iowa building was visited by approximately 25,000 Iowans 
during the Exposition period. It was one of twenty-five state buildings 
on the grounds, and was furnished with more consideration of comfort 
than any other state building, — or foreign building for that matter. 
The Iowa Commission realized that weary travelers would be more 
interested in a big comfortable chair or davenport, on which they could 
rest, than in any hand carved furniture of the period of Louis XIV. 
There was no attempt at formality in the Iowa Building. The door- 
ways were open to all, — everybody was welcome almost everywhere. 

PERSONNEL OF THE GREATER IOWA ASSOCIATION. 

W. W. Marsh, Waterloo 

F. D. Steen, West liberty 
Geo. E. Wilson, Sr., Clinton 
Emmet Tinley, Council Bluffs 

G. W. French, Davenport 
W. G. Haskell Cedar Rapids 
C. D. Cass, Waterloo 
Ralph Bolton, Des Moines 
C. F. Curtis, Ames 

George Haw, Ottumwa 
T. A. Black, Sioux City 

E. W. Miller, Waterloo, Treasurer. 

Woodworth Clum, Davenport, Secretary. 



THE GEOLOGY OF IOWA. 

JAMES H. LEES, ASSISTANT STATE GEOLOGIST. 

The geologic history of Iowa is long and varied, and even though 
its resultant forms may fail to attain the immense grandeur of the Rock- 
ies or the Grand Canyon, in many respects it rivals those regions in 
intensity of interest to those who study its opened pages, and its beauty 

— PACK ONE HUNDRED ELEVEN 



spots of rugged charm or quiet loveliness offer perennial pleasure to 
Nature's children. The earliest chapter of this history takes us far back 
to the times when much of our continent was under the shallow con- 
tinental sea, and the records of the time are written in imperishable 
stone — the Sioux* quartzite, a rock composed entirely of grains of sand 
cemented so firmly that they have withstood unchanged the storms of 
a million centuries. In Iowa this rock is exposed only in the section 
or two forming the northwest corner of the state, but at Sioux Falls 




JAMES H. LEES. 

it forms the basis of an important quarrying industry. It underlies the 
whole state and reappears in central Wisconsin. It shows us that even 
in those far distant days Nature was working by the same plans and 
methods that she employs today and will employ when another million 
centuries have passed by. Indeed we might go as much farther into 
the past as the Sioux quartzite is distant from us and still find the same 
processes and forces at work as are busy about us now. 

*It should be explained that many geological formations are named from 
localities where they were first studied or are well exposed. Thus, the Sioux 
quartzite is named from Big Sioux river, along which it outcrops, near Sioux 
Falls, South Dakota. Other names will be explained in the list of words found 
at the close of this article. 

PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWELVE 



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-PAGE ONE HUNDUK1) FOURTEEN 



Long after the formation of the Sioux quartz ite, after the deposi- 
tion and erosion of we know not what series of rocks, the next forma- 
tion of the Iowa geologic succession, the St. Croix or Potsdam sand- 
stone was laid down on the shallow sea-bottom. This sandstone be- 
longs to the Cambrian system and represents the earliest deposits in 
Iowa of the Paleozoic group of rocks. It is a full thousand feet thick 
and is one of Iowa's most reliable and widespread artesian water strata. 
It outcrops in Allamakee and Clayton counties, and near the state line 
forms 400 feet of the massive canyon wall of the Mississippi. At North 
McGregor it disappears beneath river level and is succeeded by the One- 
ota dolomite, the lowest member of the Ordovician system. This dolo- 
mite, heavy-bedded, resistant to the weather, standing in bold escarp- 
ments, caps the river bluffs and makes possible the beautiful scenery of 
"The Switzerland of Iowa." It also supplies one of the best quarry 
stones of the state, were it only more accessible. Over it lies the New 
Richmond sandstone, also a valuable water-stratum, although only about 
thirty feet thick. Then comes another dolomite, the Shakopee, and 
following this the St. Peter sandstone, next to the St. Croix the best 
water-bearing stratum in the state. It is from sixty to one hundred 
feet in thickness and at McGregor, where its full thickness is shown, it 
forms the marvelous Pictured Rocks. Another formation, the Platte- 
ville limestones and shales, follows, and then succeeds one of Iowa's most 
interesting and important rock-stages, the Galena; which not only fur- 
nishes excellent building stone, but also is the source of nearly all of 
Iowa's lead and zinc ores. Thousands of tons have been removed from 
the mines of Dubuque, a city made famous first by the activities of its 
founder, whose monument now crowns the bluff overlooking the great 
river which flows at its feet. The close of the Ordovician period was 
marked by the deposition of the Maquoketa shales, whose 200 feet 
thickness afford unlimited supplies of material for clay-working in- 
dustries, such as brick, drain tile, pottery and similar wares. 

We may pause here to explain that most of the rocks in the geologic 
section of Iowa were formed in relatively shallow waters. The sand- 
stones, for instance, were laid down first as loose sands near the ocean 
shores, where waves and currents washed them about. The shales and 
clays are formed from muds and silts, which were lighter and hence 
were carried a little farther seaward. The limestones were formed 
far from land, beneath the reach of waves, and owe their origin partly 
to the action of lime-forming animals and plants, partly to deposition 
of lime from the water. In some cases the lime has been replaced, more 
or less, by magnesia, in which case the rock becomes a dolomite. None 
of these, however, belong to the abyssmal depths. The continents have 

PAGE ONE HUNDRED FIFTEEN 



never changed places with the great ocean basins. Although they have 
been often covered by oceanic waters they have retained essentially their 
forms and positions since they first developed on the growing earth. 

The Silurian period succeeded the Ordovician and it is represented 
in Iowa by the Niagaran dolomite, the best quarry stone formation of 
the state. The great quarries of Cedar Valley, Le Claire and Anamosa 
are opened in these strata, which attain a thickness of over 300 feet and 
stretch from Davenport northwest into Fayette county. 

The next period, the Devonian, is divided into Upper, Middle and 
Lower, but the Lower is not represented in the Mississippi Valley. The 
Middle Devonian deposits are limestones, some of which furnish ex- 
cellent building stone, while others, notably the Cedar Valley lime- 
stone at Mason City, are so pure that they make excellent Portland 
cement and supply the two immense factories at that city. The Lime 
Creek shales of the Upper Devonian, which are well developed at 
Mason City, furnish in limitless quantities the silica and alumina which 
are needed to combine with the lime from the limestone to make a proper 
Portland cement. Because of the abundance and purity of these shales 
Mason City has become the largest drain tile manufacturing center in 
the world. 




Mississippi River Bluffs Below Lansing. 



PAGE ONE HUNDRED SIXTEEN 



With the opening of Carboniferous time there was begun the de- 
position of an extensive body of limestone and shale, the Mississippian 
series. The shales are best developed in southern Iowa, and in Mis- 
souri, where they are used in cement making. In central and northern 
Iowa the limestones are predominant. The lower part of these, the 
Kinderhook, furnished the stone for the magnificent Historical Build- 
ing at Des Moines. During the later part of Mississippian time the 
sea retreated and left Iowa exposed to all the elements. Deep valleys 
were cut into the rocks and the surface was carved and scored into great 
irregularity. 





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When the sea again overspread the state, during Des Moines time, 
extensive coastal swamps made conditions favorable for the deposition 
of great bodies of coal. At one time these doubtless extended beyond 
the Mississippi river to unite with the coal fields of Illinois. At present 
the productive district is confined mostly to Des Moines and Skunk 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTEEN 



valleys. The coals and associated shales make the Des Moines stage 
the most important of the bed rock series of the state. In 1914 the 
coal and clay wares produced from these strata were valued at over 
$15,000,000. A series of limestones and shales called the Missouri 
stage closed the Carboniferous period. 

In the vicinity of Fort Dodge is a heavy bed of gyspum, formed, 
apparently, in a long troughlike valley. It is thought to have been de- 
posited from a shut-in arm of the sea during Permian time. It is thirty 
feet thick in places and covers probably fifty square miles. From it are 
made immense quantities of wall plaster, Plaster of Paris, and similar 
wares. 

For many years Iowa was dry land, but finally a bed of sandstone, 
the Dakota, was laid down, perhaps in lake beds. This is the deposit 
which is so abundantly water-bearing on the Great Plains. After- 
wards the sea overspread western Iowa and the Colorado shales and 
chalky limestones were formed on its bottom. These are important as 
a source of cement and clay ware and are extensively used. With the 
close of Cretaceous f.mes the sea left the Iowa region for the. last time. 

For a long time again Iowa was dry land but gradually climatic 
changes occurred which led to the formation of great sheets of snow 
and ice in the great Canadian northland. These attained such size and 
thickness that of their own weight they gradually pushed out their 
edges, burying valley and plain until they had covered North America 
from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Arctic to the Missouri 
and the Ohio. At least five times did these continental glaciers advance 
and retreat and each time the ice spread out a sheet of clay, gravel, sand 
and bowlders as glacial drift. Each one of these five glaciers stretched 
into or across Iowa, so that this state offers the best field in the Union 
for the study of glacial phenomena. The glacial epoch is known as the 
Pleistocene, and the different glaciers, and also the deposits of glacial 
drift left by them are called the Nebraskan, the Kansan, the Illinoian, 
the Iowan, and the Wisconsin, the last of all. These are separated by 
interglacial stages, known as Aftonian, Yarmouth, Sangamon and Peo- 
rian, as is shown in the section on page 2. 

The Nebraskan drift is not exposed naturally in Iowa, but was 
entirely concealed by the Kansan, which covered the entire state except 
a small area in northeastern Iowa. The Illinoian occupied a small area 
in southeastern Iowa, the Iowan covered a few northeastern counties, 
and the Wisconsin formed a lobe extending down the central part of 
the state to Des Moines. 

PAGE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTEEN 




-PAGE ONE HUNDRED NINETEEN 



The Kansan drift area is very much eroded and cut up by streams ; 
very little level land is left, except on the divides ; all is well drained. 
On the contrary drainage has scarcely begun to affect the Wisconsin 
drift area, so recently was it uncovered by the melting away of the 
glacier. Ponds and sloughs are very common and in its rough hilly 
marginal areas lie beautiful lakes — Clear Lake, Okoboji Lakes, Spirit 
Lake, and many others. Iowa owes her richly productive soils almost 
entirely to the materials brought down by these glaciers. Without 
them we would have such soils as those south of the Missouri — residua! 
soils, which are the product of rock decay in place. Iowa would not 
be the richest agricultural land in the world, were it not for the great 
glaciers and their grinding, pushing, thrusting work in the years of 
long ago. 

The foregoing sketch will have shown how dependent we all are 
upon the geologic history and geologic conditions of our state. Not 
only the miner, the quarryman and the brickmaker, but the farmer, the 
gardener and ultimately the city dweller as well, draw from the geologic 
past their sustenance and their livelihood. 

TABLE OF MEANING OF WORDS. 

Acadian, named from Acadia, an older name for Nova Scotia. 

Aftonian, named from Afton Junction, Iowa. 

Algonkian, named from the Algonquins, a large group of Indians 
of eastern United States and Canada. 

Cambrian, from Cambria, the Latin name for Wales. 

Canadian, named from the country of Canada. 

Carboniferous, named from the large amount of coal (carbon) 
which the rocks contain. 

Cayugan, named from Cayuga lake, New York. 

Cedar Valley, named from the Cedar river valley, Iowa. 

Cenozoic, recent life; life most like that of today. 

Cincinnatian, named from Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Colorado, named from the state of Colorado. 

Cretaceous, chalk-bearing, from creta, chalk. The name given to 
the chalk cliffs of the English Channel. 

Dakota, named from the territory of Dakota. 

Des Moines, named from the Des Moines valley. 

Devonian, named from Devonshire, England. 

Dolomite, a rock composed of lime carbonate and magnesium car- 
bonate. 

Dresbach, named from the town of Dresbach, Minnesota. 

Fort Dodge, named from the city of Fort Dodge, Iowa. 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWENTY • 



Galena, named from Galena, Illinois. 

Georgian, named from the village of Georgia, Vermont. 

Gower, named from Gower township, Cedar county, Iowa. 

Gypsum, a rock composed of sulphate of lime with water. 

Hopkinton, named from the village of Hopkinton, Iowa. 

Huronian, named from Lake Huron. 

Illinoian, named from the state of Illinois. 

Iowan, named from the state of Iowa. 

Jordan, named from the village of Jordan, Minnesota. 

Jurassic, named from the Jura mountains, Europe. 

Kansan, named from the state of Kansas. 

Keweenawan, named from Keweenaw peninsula, Michigan, in Lake 
Superior. 

Kinderhook, named from the village of Kinderhook, Illinois. 

Lime Creek, named from Lime creek, Cerro Gordo county, Iowa. 

Maquoketa, named from Little Maquoketa river, Dubuque county, 
Iowa. 

Mesozoic, middle life; life transitional from old forms to recent. 

Mississippian, named from the Mississippi valley, where the rocks 
are best developed. 

Missouri, named from the state of Missouri. 

Mohawkian, named from Mohawk river, New York. 

Nebraskan, named from the state of Nebraska. 

New Richmond, named from the town of New Richmond, Wiscon- 
son. 

Niagaran, named from Niagara river, New York. 

Oneota, named from Oneota, or Upper Iowa river, Iowa. 

Ordovician, named from Ordovices, a people of ancient Wales. 

Osage, named from Osage river, Missouri. 

Paleozoic, ancient life ; life forms very old. 

Pennsylvanian, named from the state of Pennsylvania. 

Peorian, named from the city of Peoria, Illinois. 

Permian, named from the government of Perm, Russia. 

Platteville, named from the village of Platteville, Wisconsin. 

Pleistocene, most recent; life forms most nearly like those of today. 

Potsdamian, named from Potsdam, New York. 

Prairie du Chien, named from the town of Prairie du Chien, Wis- 
consin. 

Proterozoic, earlier life; life forms quite simple. 

Quartzite, a rock composed of sand grains cemented by silica. 

Quaternary, the fourth, a remnant of the time when all rocks were 



-PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-ONE 



grouped by geologists into Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quater- 
nary. 

St. Croix, named from St. Croix river, between Minnesota and 
Wisconsin. 

St. Lawrence, named from the village of St. Lawrence, Minnesota. 

Saint Louis, named from St. Louis, Missouri. 

St. Peter, named from St. Peter river, now called Minnesota river. 

Sangamon, named from the town of Sangamon, Illinois. 

Shakopee, named from the town of Shakopee, Minnesota. 

Shale, a finely stratified rock formed by the solidification of mud 
and silt. 

Silurian, named from Silures, a people of ancient Wales. 

Sioux Quartzite, named from Big Sioux river, between Iowa and 
South Dakota. 

Tertiary, the third ; see Quaternary. 

Triassic, so called from its three-fold division in Germany. 

Wapsipinicon, named from Wapsipinicon river, Iowa. 

Wisconsin, named from the state of Wisconsin. 

Yarmouth, named from the village of Yarmouth, Iowa. 



THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COAL INDUSTRY IN 

IOWA. 

(Contributed by the English Department of the Ottumiva High School.) 

Iowa's greatest wealth lies not only in the culture of her rich soil, 
but also in the development of the geological formations underlying that 
soil, of which the chief product is coal. 

Iowa's rank among all the states of the nation in 1914 was tenth 
in output and ninth in value. Considering the states west of the Miss- 
issippi, she is second in both output and value. The distinction of being 
first of the western states from 1840 to 1873 was held by Missouri. 
Iowa then came to the front, where she remained until 1909 when Colo- 
rado surpassed her. Colorado still leads, Iowa following in the second 
place with the production of 7,614,143 tons in 191 5, with a value of 
$13,577,608. 

The state census for 19 10 shows the following facts concerning 
coal mining: that $13,877,781 are realized from all the mining indus- 
tries of Iowa, and that 91.4 per cent come directly from the mining 
of bituminous coal; also that out of the 19,904 people employed in gen- 
eral mining, 92.1 per cent are engaged in coal mines. Another inter- 

PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-TWO 



esting fact is that one-fourth the mining wage earners are employed in 
six large mines which give work to more than five hundred each. In 
1902, the bituminous industry was valued at $8,660,287 and in 1910 
was placed at $12,682,106, making an increase of 46.6 per cent. 

The coal beds of Iowa are lenticular in arrangement and the more 
important ones vary from thirty inches to seven feet in thickness, with 
four feet as the average. The coal fields are nearly all rather local, 
many covering less than a few hundred acres in area. 

Iowa is the northernmost extension of the great interior coal fields 
of the United States, with only the southern third of the state occupied 
by it. The coal belt extends over twenty thousand square miles and 
runs from the northwest to the southeast, following the Des Moines 
river from Fort Dodge to Keokuk and extending west through the 
southern counties. 

The geological name for the most important coal bearing beds of 
Iowa is the Des Moines Stage or the Lower Coal Measures. These 
beds are divided into three general divisions known as the Cherokee, 
Appanoose, and Pleasanton. However, there is no clear dividing line 
but the divisions are derived from certain characteristics of each forma- 
tion. 

From eighty to ninety per cent of our coal is obtained from the 
Cherokee division which is in the very center of the local region and 
follows the Des Moines River from Webster County to Van Burer, 
County, including Boone, Polk, Jasper, Marion, Mahaska, Wapello, 
Monroe, Lucas and Jefferson counties. An important division econom- 
ically is the Appanoose so called from Appanoose county and besides 
including the counties of Warren, Guthrie, Dallas, Madison and Wayne. 
The chief coal seam of this division is the Mystic Seam which under- 
lies 1,500 square miles in Appanoose and Wayne Counties. It is of 
regular structure and although only thirty inches thick, its persistency 
enables it to be extensively and easily mined. 

The Pleasanton is the upper division of the Des Moines stage and 
is not of much importance in Iowa. Above it are the strata of the Mis- 
souri stage, or the Upper Coal Measures which include Page, Adams, 
Montgomery, Mills, Fremont and Taylor counties, and contain a few 
thin seams of coal, the most important of which is the Nodaway, about 
sixteen inches thick. 

The majority of the mines in Iowa work quite near the surface, the 
deepest shaft going 340 feet. The original coal supply of Iowa was 
29,160,000,000 tons, while the coal exhausted between 1840 and the 
end of 191 5 was approximately 300,000,000 tons including a waste 
of half a ton for each ton mined. According to the rate of production 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE 



for 191 5, which was 7,614,143 tons, Professor George F. Kay, state 
geologist, says that the coal still available in Iowa is about 28,863,- 
000,000 ton, and that there will be coal for at least 2500 years to come. 



THE CEREAL INDUSTRY IN IOWA. 

J. HARRY SHEPPARD, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, "THE PULSE," CEDAR RAPIDS, 
IOWA, HIGH SCHOOL. 

Grain. What a world of history, of economics, of human toil and 
struggling is embodied in this little word! Its evolution is the evolu- 
tion of civilization. It is the keynote of agriculture. To it is due the 
cultivation of millions of acres of fertile fields and plains. From the 
great tracts in the remote districts of the Argentine Republic, to the 
still primeval farms on the Russian steppes; from the little farms of 
Burmah, of Mysore and of the Sind, to the fertile ranches of the San 
Joaquin valley in California ; from the Dakotas ; from Nebraska, Iowa, 
Kansas and Illinois; from every district in the world that possesses even 
the fewest acres of fertile land, the soil is plowed, sown and tenderly 
cared for that it may give forth its precious crops of grain. 

In Iowa, the watchword of the state has always been "Grain." The 
name of Iowa conjures up pictures of fields of corn, broad acres of 
waving oats and wheat, and extensive tracts of rye and barley. Nearly 
half of the area of Iowa is given over to the annual production of gi- 
gantic crops of these staple grains. Twenty-one million acres are an- 
nually cultivated in developing Iowa's greatest industry, the harvest- 
ing of her grain crop. Two hundred and fifty millions of dollars are 
received yearly as a payment for the grain that is raised on the fertile 
acres of Iowa. Through the grains of Iowa more than a million and 
a quarter of her inhabitants earn a livelihood. 

Foremost in Iowa's grain production comes corn. It is corn that 
claims over a third of the cultivated acres in the state; it is corn from 
which an annual revenue of nearly two hundred million dollars is de- 
rived. It is through the tilling of nine million acres that the Iowa corn 
crop amounts yearly to nearly three billion and a half bushels. A some- 
what distant second to the corn production of Iowa is that of oats. Five 
million acres of oats produce an annual yield of over one and one-half 
billion bushels, which, in turn, enrich the people of Iowa by over sixty 
million dollars annually. Next comes the wheat crop which takes up 
nearly eight million acres, and in return places in the hands of the farm- 
ers about fifteen million bushels from which they realize an asset of 

PACK ONE HUNDRED TWEXT-FOUI! 



nearly the same number of millions of dollars. In addition to these 
facts, we find ten million bushels of barley, with a value of five million 
dollars, being produced on four hundred thousand acres. Not quite a 
million dollars is realized yearly from the more than a million bushels 
of rye raised on the seventy thousand acres devoted to the growing of 
this grain. 

Thus we find that Iowa, a state which contains but one sixty-fourth 
of the area of the United States, produces yearly crops valued at five 
sixty-fourths of the crops of all kinds in the United States. We see 
that Iowa, according to the figures of the United States Department of 
Agriculture for 19 14, in the value of all her crops, heads the states of 
the Union with the sum of three hundred and fifty-one million dollars. 

Iowa's standing shows her with a gain of 7.2% over 191 3 and a gain 
of 23.6% over the average for the past five years. 

It is difficult for the average person to grasp myriads of figures 
much less store them in his mind for knowledge of his own state and for 
reference. It is hard to conceive just what a million bushels of grain is, 
or the extent of a million acres of land, or the purchasing power of sev- 
eral million dollars. Suffice it to say, then, that the following are worth 
while, practical facts that, every Iowan should know about the grain pro- 
duction of his state : 

One-half of the area of Iowa is devoted to the cultivation of grain. 

One and one-quarter million of the two and one-quarter million peo- 
ple in Iowa earn a livelihood through the state grain production. 

The grains of Iowa sell for over $250,000,000 annually. 

One-half of the corn of the world is produced in one section of the 
United States, of which Iowa is practically the center. 

Every day there are drawn into the city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, sixty 
freight cars, each loaded with an average of eighty thousand pounds of 
Iowa grains. Every day there are taken away from this same city eighty 
thousand pounds of grain. But not until they have been completely 
changed into finished products do these grains leave the plants. They 
are subjected to a multitude of processes — baked, boiled and even shot 
from guns — they appear ready again to be whirled away to the hungry 
people. The fruits of the richest acres of the world have been changed 
by the genius of man until they appear as scores of different food products, 
awaiting the call of His Majesty, the American Gentleman. 

Of the sixty cars that are unloaded daily, manufactured, and again 
shipped out to supply a large portion of the United States, twenty-six 
are corn, twenty-four are oats, and ten are barley, wheat and by-products. 
These cars bring into Cedar Rapids the grain with which the factories of 
that city do 35^ of the cereal manufacturing of the United States. 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE 



It is practically an impossibility to trace the manufacturing processes 
of any variety of grain into the many different brands of finished products. 
Oats, to a great degree, are manufactured into the well known brands of 
"Quaker Oats" and "National Oats." The manufacturing concerns that 
possess world wide reputations, because of these widely used products, 
have large Iowa plants at Cedar Rapids and Fort Dodge. Puffed rice 
and puffed wheat, two of the greatly advertised cereals of the country, 
are products of these plants. In addition to corn meal, buckwheat flour 
and other cereals, the many by-products of the cereal plants of Iowa re- 
ceive an important place in the daily outputs of these concerns. 

It is a close estimate that a bushel of 32 pounds of raw material re- 
duces into 22 pounds of finished cereal product. In other words, a little 
over 69% of a bushed of oats, or any other grain, is turned into a table 
cereal. Of the remaining 31%, 28'/2% is devoted to the manufacture of 
feed. It is due to this fact that one of the largest cereal concerns of Iowa 
turns out no less than one thousand tons daily of what is called feed. The 
feed thus produced is sold in the immediate vicinity of the mills of the 
state ; and, although the price realized from it is not very high, there is, 
in most cases, such a large quantity sold as to make the production of this 
important by-product extremely profitable. Other brands of feed sup- 
plies are manufactured separately out of raw products, brought into the 
mills especially for this purpose. Alfalfa meal, millet seed and sunflower 
seed are included in the manufacturing of these different feeds. The re- 
maining 1 J/2% of every bushel of grain that is brought into the average 
Iowa factory for manufacture is what is termed "invisible waste." There 
is this per cent of the grain that cannot be definitely accounted for. Part 
of it is lost, part floats from the buildings in the form of white dust; 
there are a thousand different ways in which this i'/2% disappears and 
puzzles the heads of these great industries. 

The most difficult task of the manager of the average Iowa cereal mill 
is to keep the machinery, under his care, in the condition necessary to 
produce its highest capacity at all times. Most of the larger factories 
have to run parts of their mills the entire twenty-four hours of the day, 
to be able to fill the incoming orders. Through one of the largest mills 
of the state 80,000 bushels of the different grans are daily made ready 
for retail distribution to the public. 

In the year 191 5, the grain from ten thousand cars received at one 
factory, was manufactured into more than forty different products, and 
was shipped out again to practically every corner of the American con- 
tinent. Due to the fact that the finished product is nearly always shipped 
in cartons, only forty thousands pounds can be loaded in one car; thus 
making it require about twenty thousands freight cars to remove these 



— PACK ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-SIX 



manufactured grains from the factories. In addition, therefore, to the 
factory's cars for shipping grain, it requires eight hundred freight cars 
of boxes, sacks, cartons, and other supplies, making the total cars carry- 
ing goods into and out of this large Iowa cereal plant amount to nearly 
40,000 each year. 

Statistics from this same factory show that oats are manufactured into 
breakfast foods at that plant, at the almost unbelievable rate of a million 
bushels a month. 

Iowa also possesses at Cedar Rapids, the largest independent starch 
works in the world. Six hundred and seventy-five bushels of corn are 
fed every hour to the processes that convert Iowa's staple grain into 
starch. For twenty-four hours out of every day this concern manufac- 
tures starch at that rate, requiring for its work over six million bushels 
of corn annually. 

The greater part of the produce of the cereal plants of Iowa is used 
for domestic sale. A small part, about 2 J/2%, is sent to eastern India, 
Hindustan and even into the Oriental countries, where the Chinese and 
the Japanese are developing such an appetite for cereal foods, that their 
desires are being felt on this side of the globe. Our Iowa cereal mills 
are hourly grinding meal for these most recent converts to American 
foodstuffs. 

Thus it is, that the Iowa cereal mills, which are the very pulse of 
Iowa living, make themselves felt to the most remote corners of the world. 
It gives Iowans a feeling of pride to realize that it is their industries 
and their fields that reach out as one of the greatest factors to the world's 
food supply, the nutritious produce of our pulsating Iowa Cereal Mills. 



CEREAL MILLS. 

One of the largest Cereal Mills in the state is located at LeMars. 
The daily capacity of this mill is 600 barrels of flour, 700 barrels of 
corn products and 200 barrels of other cereals. 

The Corn products plant is probably one of the most modern and 
efficient in existence. A Morris drier, of 3,000 bushels daily capacity, 
puts all corn in condition before being milled, and five Cutler driers are 
employed to re-dry the finished product. There are also the necessary 
appliances for steaming, degerminating and hulling the corn before be- 
ing milled. There are two separate plants, so yellow and white corn 
can be milled at the same time. The finished products produced are 
Yellow and White Pearl Meal, Yellow and White Granulated Meal, 
Corn Flour, Grits, Hominy Grits and Pearl Hominy. 

PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-SEVEN 




PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT 



The cereals manufactured are Rye Flour, Rye Meal, Cracked Rye, 
Graham Flour, Entire Wheat Flour and Buckwheat Flour. 

An important branch of the business is that of feed production. 
These consist of Cracked Corn, Corn and Oats feeds ground in various 
proportions to suit the trade, also mixed grains for chicken feeds- Also, 
the by-products of the flour mill consisting of Bran, Shorts, Flour, Mid- 
dlings and Red Dog, and the by-product of the corn mill called Hominy 
Feed. This last feed is especially rich in fat and protein and is one of 
the best feeds produced for milch cows. Practically all the Hominy 
Feed produced is exported to Germany. The total feed production is 
six cars per day. 

Another celebrated cereal mill is located in the city of Davenport. 
Here the daily capacity is 1,700 barrels. This mill runs day and night 
and has a storage capacity of 700,000 bushels. At this milling plant 
the grain is stored in steel tanks, while the working machinery is op- 
erated in what is known as the "Tunnel System," under ground. This 
plant employes 175 persons and operates more than 300 days, of 24 
hours each, each year. The products of this plant are shipped east, south 
and west, to various sections of the United States, and many of the 
products reach European countries, the British West Indies and several 
countries of South America. 

The cities of Des Moines, Waterloo, Spencer and Alton have im- 
portant milling plants and their output finds a ready sale in the best 
households of our own state. 



THE CLAY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY IN IOWA. 

Building and Paving Brick and Drain Tile. 

C. B. Piatt, Van Meter, Ioiua. 

Burned clay, one of the most enduring materials, and when manu- 
factured is designated as clay products. It plays a most important part 
in industry and in the world's material improvement. 

Burned clay products are called upon to withstand the most severe 
tests of Nature, in serving man's purpose and they do not fail. The 
uses to which clay products are put are as varied as man's experiences. 
We find some of these products stored and sold along railway tracks with 
lumber, coal and other rough commodities, and some displaying their 
beauty in creditable rivalry with gems and other works of art, in some 
of the world's finest establishments. 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-NINE 




— PAGE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY 



The word CLAY embraces a great variety of combinations in which 
KAOLINITE, or pure clay, is found mixed with other substances, 
widely distributed over the earth's surface. Pure clay is white when 
burned. Varying mixtures of minerals change its color and effect other 
varying results which determine the adaptability of a given clay for a 
certain use. Pure clay is comparatively rare while ordinary clays and 
comparatively pure clays are common. It has often been remarked, by 
those who do not quite fully comprehend, to what extent a slight varia- 
tion in the make-up of clays effects a practical change in their value 
as raw material, from which to manufacture different clay products, 
that it is strange that a certain State or locality seems to monopolize the 
trade in the more valuable clay products. While location, with respect 
to the center of population, often has a great influence, the reason which 
applies in most instances is ; the clay is not exactly suited for any but the 
commoner varieties of clay products. 

Clay products manufacture is the most important of Iowa's in- 
dustries. Iowa's clay plants are among the best in the United States 
and the product of these plants is of the highest quality standard in trie 
lines represented. 

With very few exceptions, the early history of Iowa's clay products 
manufacture has to do with the manufacture of common brick and 
drain tile, made from the glacial drift clays so widely distributed over 
the state. These clays, though varying slightly, usually contain quanti-' 
ties of lime pebbles and also present ■ great difficulties in manufacture, 
chiefly with respect to drying the molded ware. Principally, on ac- 
count of the difficulty in drying these clays, the early development of 
the industry in Iowa called into existence a great number of small 
factories widely distributed. These were generally designated as brick 
"yards." Within a comparatively recent time, thirty years perhaps, 
the development of clay-working machinery made it possible to utilize 
the hard clays or shales, which were commonly known as soap-stone. 
Shale clays, when worked, require heavy machinery and much power. 
The product is much stronger than that made from the drift clays, 
and tempered shales can be formed into larger molded bodies and more 
intricate shapes than the drift clays. Shale clays can be dried, in arti- 
ficial dryers, in twenty-four hours, without injury and they will vitrify 
(become impervious to moisture and very hard) without excessive shrink- 
age or loss of molded shape. It naturally follows since shale clays can 
be much more economically manufactured into clay products than can 
the drift clays, and since the product is stronger, that the original small 
plants working the drift clays are gradually disappearing. Twenty-five 
vears ago there were over 350 clay products plants in Iowa and today 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-ONE 



there are less than 170. There were fifteen less clay plants in Iowa in 
1914 than in 1913- The output, on the other hand, has been multiplied 
several times over, increasing 15 % in 191 4, over 1913. 

Iowa now produces over six and a half million dollars worth of 
clay products each year and ranks seventh in clay producing states. 

Iowa is at this time, and has been for several years, the leading 
State in the production of drain tile. This product constitutes 50% 
of the total clay products production of the State. 

We have in Iowa — at Mason City — the Greatest Drain Tile pro- 
ducing Center in the world. The Mason City District produces one- 
third of the tile made in the State. 

Though Iowa does not manufacture what is termed the finer grades 
of clay products, we have in the State some of the most modern plants 
in the country and manufacture face-brick, roofing tile, fire-proofing, 
sewer-pipe, paving brick and hollow building tile — all of the best. 

Iowa's growth in wealth is more directly due to drain tile than to 
any other one thing. Tile drainage has redeemed the swamp areas of 
northern Iowa and placed them high in the scale with the great garden 
spots of the world. 

To gain a comprehensive idea of the magnitude of drainage opera- 
tions in Iowa, one needs no more convincingly graphic comparison than 
that furnished by Dean A. Marston of the Engineering College at 
Ames; that the work under way and directly contemplated will require 
the expenditure of a greater sum than was required to construct the 
Panama Canal. And this is being done without comment. GREAT in- 
deed is IOWA. 

Influence of Sewer Pipe and Drain Tile in the Development 
of the State of Iowa. 

J. L. Johnson, Fort Dodge, Iowa. 

The values of city properties and farm lands of the state of Iowa to- 
day are several times what they were fifteen years ago. This of itself, 
of course, is not at all surprising, as the same may be truthfully said of 
many of the states of the Union. Among the many things that contributed 
largely to the progress of the state, we must admit that Sewer Pipe 
and Drain Tile have shared in the honors. 

A few years ago the larger cities of the state considered it a great 
hardship to install a sanitary sewer on account of the cost. This year 
and during 191 5, we find numerous villages of one thousand and less 
population planning and putting in sewers. We recall one sewer that 
was Installed, late last season, in a town of about 800 people, the cost 
not less than $25.00 for each man, woman, and child in the village. 

- "\i;i<: ONE hundred thikty-two 



This proves two things : that the people are becoming awakened to the 
necessity of sanitation for the sake of health, and that they can afford 
to pay for anything that tends to better health and increased property 
values. Vitrified Sewer Pipe used in Sanitary Sewers is a guarantee 
against polluted water taken from the earth for drinking purposes. Ty- 
phoid fever epidemics have often been traced to improperly constructed 
sewers ; that is, sewers built of materials that were easily penetrated by 
acids that alwa)'s abound in sewage. Too much care cannot be exercised 
in improvements of this kind in cities and towns with a healthy growth. 
The labor expense of a sewer system is approximately four-fifths of the en- 
tire expense, therefore, the material used should be selected with the 
idea of permanence. If the material is not permanent and has to be 
replaced, the expense of replacing same will be four times the price 
of it. 

It is very often the case that proper consideration is not given to the 
size of pipe used in the sewer system. The Engineer, no doubt, at the 
suggestion of the councils or committees employing him, plans the size 
to meet only the present needs of the city or municipality, and does not 
take into consideration the fact that the city will possibly double in 
population in a very few years, and the system as planned and installed 
will be entirely inadequate for the city in five years or less. This will 
necessitate taking up the old improvement or the outlet portion at least 
and the installing of a larger one. This feature of sewer construction, 
we feel, should always be fully considered by communities that are con- 
sidering the installation of a satisfactory sewer system. 

Sewer Pipe used in the construction of sewers directly benefits more 
people than drain tile for farm drains ; but the latter, which we will take 
up at this time, enhances the value of more acres, and therefore, bene- 
fits the rural or farming districts to a much greater extent. 

Some ten years ago there were numberless acres under water in the 
heart of Iowa that were unproductive of anything except ducks. A few 
of the more enterprising residents who had hailed from Illinois and 
other states where drainage had been successfully carried on, conceived 
the idea of a state drainage law, and after considerable effort, expense, 
and trouble managed to get the same through the Iowa Legislature. 
Activity along drainage lines became apparent immediately; and twelve 
or fifteen counties in central and northern Iowa have been the battle 
ground of drainage work ever since. No line of business in interior Iowa 
has received anything like the attention this drainage work has received. 
Drainage districts are numbered consecutively as they are established 
and in some counties they number well over the two-hundred mark. 
Our own county, Webster, has expended to exceed two million dollars 



PAGE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY -THREE 



along this line, and everybody agrees that it has been money well spent 
and that the improvements in most cases paid for themselves the first 
three years and have been paying large dividends ever since. Our county, 
is no exception, as there are several other counties near and adjoining 
that have spent as much or more along this line. 

Large factories have sprung up to supply the demand in addition to 
the numerous factories making the unglazed tile. There are six- fac- 
tories with approximately one hundred and thirty kilns, making the 
large vitrified salt-glazed material. 

One mistake may well be charged to the early drainage work. In 
numerous instances large outlets have been made by constructing an 
open ditch with its unsightly spoil banks and numerous acres rendered 
untilable as a result. A few years ago this feature could be excused 
in part, on account of the interested land owners being unable to pro- 
cure large tile to be used instead of an open ditch and also because 
farm land was less valuable then than at this time; but now that farm 
lands are soaring in value and have reached the two hundred dollar 
mark and better, the introduction of Vitrified Clay Segment Block with- 
in the last two years which can be used in building outlets from 36" to 
108" in diameter, there is no excuse for an open ditch through these 
farms. An open ditch is also very expensive as they must be cleaned 
out every three or four years and must be spanned by numerous bridges, 
fences, etc., for the convenience of those whose farms are traversed by 
them and we believe it is only a matter of a very few years when they 
will be relics of the past in Iowa. 

Drains like Sewers when properly constructed, are conducive to good 
health of the community as they dispose of all the stagnant slough water 
which breeds both malaria and mosquitoes. The last year being so 
rainy has proven that numbers of county drains in the state, in an 
effort to economize, have been built too small. This turns out to be 
false economy. Like sewers they should be planned and built large 
enough to give outlet to all above them in the water shed without any 
other possible outlet, and to give 100% efficiency in the rainiest season; 
and when so planned, should use, in order to make the drain permanent, 
a material that will stand until time immemorial, and we do not know 
of a substitute for Vitrified glazed Drain Tile and Segment Block for 
this business. 



-PACK ONE UrNLllIKD THlltTY-FOUK 



CEMENT IN IOWA PUBLIC SCHOOLS 

Contributed for the Iowa Day Bulletin, by Association of Portland 
Cement Manufacturers. 

Sanitary conditions on Iowa farms are being transformed and im- 
proved by the very simple method of turning the Iowa boy's play from 
one channel into another, — from mud forts and mud dams to construc- 
tion with concrete. It is a very simple and very logical idea ; so simple, 
in fact, that the wonder is why we have been so Ions in making the ap- 
plication. 

Scores of schools are now taking up concrete in vocational training. 
One need figure but little to see what the effect of this interest will be 
on the welfare of a community. As the younger generations are taught 
the advantages of building more permanent and sanitary structures, they 
will become great factors in all betterment movements hereafter. 

Numerous cases can be cited where courses in concrete have sown the 
seed that has worked wonders in improving the homes in the vicinity. 
Only recently, an instance came to light of a boy, who, through interest 
in concrete work in school, had accumulated an extensive stock of bulle- 
tins and pamphlets on the subject. He had taken these home and ap- 
plied practically his nevr-found knowledge towards the rejuvenating 
of the old farm home. The wooden steps at the back door were rot- 
ting away and needed replacement. The father knew nothing of con- 
crete, but the boy had argued him into believing that this material 
should be used in replacing the wooden steps. 

The boy won his point and the steps were built. He went farther 
and built a concrete walk from the steps to the barn. When this youth- 
ful enthusiast, in concrete construction, reached the barn, he replaced 
the old wooden hog trough with a trough of concrete. He knew that it 
could be kept sanitary and that it would not rot; he remembered a 
trough that he had helped to build in the school. 

At this juncture in promoting the uses of concrete on the farm, the 
boy found it necessary to convince his father that cement would cost less 
than the lumber required to do the same work. In this argument he 
was successful. He did, however, contribute his labor for the mere 
joy of showing what he had learned. He knew where he could get 
good sand and gravel that would be all right after washing and screen- 
ing. They had taught him the importance of doing this at the school. 
Old chicken wire and some boards necessary for reinforcements and 
forms were picked up around the farm. 

PAGE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE 



Was the father surprised? Well, this will indicate some things: 
"Did they teach you concrete work in the school?" the father asked. 
"Well, at least, they are putting something into your head that will do 
you some good. Who is your teacher? I want to meet him and find out 
what is the best mixture for a floor for my feed lot." 

But the boy's father did not have to see the teacher. Johnny was on 
the spot, and advised that a one-course floor of I :2 :3 mixture would be 
best. This again surprised the father of the boy. Johnny's father soon 
began to figure that the work done by the boy pointed out a lot of other 
improvements that could be made around the farm, with the boy's help, 
and be made better of concrete than of any other material. 

Today the school tendency is to impart practical knowledge along 
with theory ; that is, to show the practical application of theory, also to 
give the student the ground work of useful arts and sciences. At the 
present time, many schools are conducting elementary courses in con- 
crete construction. One of the advantages of manual training in con- 
crete is that it still keeps the boy in carpentry work, in building forms 
for concrete exercises. 

To the school, an advantage of taking up this kind of manual train- 
ing is that but few tools and equipment, other than what is used in the 
manual training work, are necessary; and most of what is needed can 
be made by the boys at little or no expense to the school. The materials 
also are inexpensive and easy to obtain. Aside from the sand, two or 
three water buckets, a wheel-barrow with a metal bottom, several square 
nosed shovels and a screen for separating sand and gravel, all of the equip- 
ment needed can be turned out in connection with the manual training 
studies in carpentry. 

When we stop to consider how the interest and activities of thou- 
sands of boys in Iowa may thus be turned to the practical uses of con- 
crete on the farm we begin to understand how this material will trans- 
form the sanitary condition on every farm in the state. 

If we turn the youth of today in the useful arts and sciences, — devel- 
op constructive ability — who knows but that some of our engineers in 
concrete construction, for the next generation, can say: "My first inspira- 
tion came from the vocational work I did in concrete while in the pub- 
lic schools of Iowa." • 



— pack one u rxnnrcn thirty-six 



THE GYPSUM INDUSTRY. OF IOWA. 
John Ebersole, Fort Dodge, Iowa, High School. 

Among the nations of the world, the United States stands second in 
the gypsum industry, and the region around Fort Dodge, Iowa, ranks 
third among the largest gypsum centers in the United States. Other 
fields of gypsum are located in New York State ; Grand Rapids, Michi- 
gan, Kansas, South Dakota, and Ohio. 

The gypsum found near Fort Dodge is almost pure. The average 
thickness of the vein is between nine and ten feet. The yield per acre 
of gypsum suitable for plaster is thirty thousand tons. 

The first gypsum mill in Fort Dodge was erected in 1872 at a place 
called Gypsum Hollow. The founders were Captain George Ringland, 
Webb Vincent and S. Meservey. At this time gypsum was used only 
for making finishing plasters. In 1895 the Cardiff Mill, representing 
Fort Dodge capital, began operation. This was the first of the mills to 
be built on the prairie, and it was later destroyed by fire. The success 
of this mill encouraged the construction of many others, so that by 
1900 several new mills were in operation. 

At the present time there are five gypsum mills located near Fort 
Dodge and in Webster county. The total number of men employed by 
the five companies is about one thousand. The combined output of 
these five mills is about seventy-five carloads per day. This material is 
shipped to contractors in almost every state in the Union. 

The process of preparing gypsum is greatly simplified from what it 
used to be, because of the numerous machines which have lately been in- 
vented for this work. An example of these is seen in the electric drills 
and cars which are used in the mine. Most of the gypsum now used 
is being mined and very little quarrying is being done. The gypsum is 
taken from the walls of the mine by dynamiting. This dynamiting is 
done about four o'clock in the morning by men who have had much ex- 
perience in this line so that the danger is reduced to a minimum. 

After the gypsum has been taken from the walls of the mine, it is 
loaded on cars, some of which have a capacity of twenty-two hundred 
pounds. These cars are drawn out by an electric engine to the crusher 
where the ore is reduced to pieces about the size of base balls. It is 
then automatically loaded on to cars and taken to the mill where it is 
dumped into the store room. In some cases the mill is about two miles 
from the mine. 



■PAOIE ONK HU.MIIKIOI) Tl 1 1 IITT-SKVKN 



The first process at the mill takes place in the crusher where it is 
again reduced, this time to pieces about the size of walnuts. It is then 
taken through the drying tube, because all gypsum, when taken from 
the mine, contains about twenty per cent of moisture which must be 
taken out before the gypsum can be used. While it is in the drying 
tube, all pieces of iron and similar deposits which might be mixed with 
the gypsum, are removed by a large magnet. 

It is now taken to the pulverizer where it is made as fine as salt. 
The gypsum is now known as land plaster, which is used as, a fertilizer. 
The last process occurs when it is put into huge vats and subjected to 
intense heat, which take every bit of moisture out of it. The gypsum 
is known as calcined gypsum or as it is more widely known, stucco. 

At the mills the calcined gypsum is mixed with retarder for the 
convenience of the users. Seven pounds of retarder and one and one- 
half pounds of hair are added to each ton of calcined gypsum. The re- 
tarder used by the Fort Dodge mills is made by a secret process. 

Among the productions of gypsum are hard wall plasters, which con- 
tain the retarder and hair, and which are used on interior walls. It 
leaves the mill in sacks and is shipped to contractors the country over. 

Calcined plaster is calcined gypsum containing no retarder or hair. 
Large quantities of this plaster are used by glass factories the world over. 
When calcined gypsum is ground very fine, it is known as plaster of 
Paris, which is used in many of the arts. This fine calcined gypsum is 
also mixed with Paris green and used for an insect poison. It prevents 
the poison from being washed off and adds to its effectiveness 

Much gypsum is also used in making imitation marble. Uncalcined 
gypsum has long been recognized as a fertilizer of considerable and re- 
markable merit. Other products of gypsum are plaster board used for 
partitions; gypsum blocks used for partitions, and buildings; gypsum 
roofing blocks, used as fire-proof roofings, and stucco which is used 
in the interior decorations of buildings. Gypsum is also used to a great 
extent in the manufacture of paints. 

Deposits of gypsum are restricted to very limited and widely scat- 
tered areas. The great thickness of the gypsum in Webster county, to- 
gether with its extent and purity, makes the supply here practically in- 
exhaustible. Since the finished product is heavy, cost of shipment will 
always be a large factor in determining the portion of the country that 
can be reached by any production of gypsum. 

With the exception of a small amount at Centerville, there is no 
gypsum in Iowa except in Webster county so that competition from other 
points in the state is impossible. 



- PAGE ONE HUNDRED TITIRTY-EirlMT 




PAGE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE 



With the growing population of the United States, the demand for 
gypsum is increasing rapidly and it is becoming known as one of our 
must valued products. 



SCENIC IOWA. 

THE PROPOSED NATIONAL PARK NEAR MCGREGOR. IOWA. 

This territory comprises the famous picturesque features of Pike's 
Peak and the Pictured Rocks. 

For over two hundred years, these majestic heights have watched 
the growth and development of the valleys and are now coming into 
their own. 

From Pike's Peak, after reaching the summit, is a scene rarely wit- 
nessed in any land beneath the sun. The mighty Mississippi lies more 
than 400 feet below, sweeping on with all its majesty toward the Gulf 
of Mexico. Looking up the stream the river appears like a chain of 
bright islands and lakes, extending as far as the eye can reach. The 
islands are hemmed in by pond lilies and covered with verdure. Wind- 
ing among these islands or dividing itself off into different channels, 
sweeps the great waterway, calmly and majestically, as it has been doing 
for thousands of years. 

To the right and left of the Peak are other forest clad bluffs, nearly 
as high as this one. Opposite to these heights, and five miles away as 
the crow flies, stands the Wisconsin wall of the river, with steep and 
picturesque bluffs. But the climax of Nature's handiwork, the grandeur 
of it all, lies on the Iowa side in the vicinity of McGregor. 

Around, above the walls winds the well-beaten trail up through the 
oak woods past a mimature Minnehaha to the top of Pike's Peak, the 
first land in the northwest seen by white men. Stand there and as you 
drink in the scene of amazing loveliness let the picture of that discovery 
day of long ago grip' the imagination. 

It has as good a right to the name of Pike's Peak as Colorado's 
famous mountain ; in fact, its claim is a prior one for on a summer's day 
in 1805 the explorer, General Pike, shelved his boat on the pebbly shore 
at the foot of the hill, climbed to its top and there placed the first Amer- 
ican flag ever raised over the northwest territory. 

Persons who have traveled the world over and have seen the Rhine, 
the Danube, the Rhone, the Po, the Tiber, the Hudson and many other 
noted rivers, say that one hundred miles along the upper Mississippi 
is equal to any of them; in fact, from Dubuque to St. Paul is a mar- 

— PAOE ONE HUNDRED FORTY 



velous panorama of loveliness, with the climax at the mouth of the Wis- 
consin and in the vicinity of McGregor. 

The many little, towns hidden among the high green bluffs of the 
Mississippi are just as picturesque as any of the river towns in Germany 
or Austria. True, no grim castles crown the heights where barons in 
the ages past slew and oppressed their fellow men, but one can see as glo- 
rious lands and as happy homes, and farms as rich as any in France. 
Here is where the first white man's foot touched Iowa soil, and here the 
first American flag waved over the Louisiana purchase. Some say there 
is no history. The whole region abounds with romance as interesting 
as any on the globe. A monument is even now being erected to the ever- 
lasting memory of Marquette and Joliet, in the magnificent park on the 
Wisconsin side of the river. It is but fitting that there should be a 
magnificent park on the Iowa side. 




The proposed Iowa National Park View from the Wisconsin side. 

Because of the remarkable number of prehistoric mounds ort the 
hills if for no other reason Professor Pheeba, a member of the London 
Archaeological society, believes the region should be preserved from 
commercialism. The scientists at one time made a careful investigation 
of the effigy and burial mounds on both the Iowa and Wisconsin sides 
of the river about Pike's Peak and expressed wonder that the American 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED FORTY-ONE 



government had taken no steps to preserve these tumuli. He spoke of 
them as the most valuable group of mounds in existence to his knowledge. 

Of Pictured Rocks, Professor Trowbridge of the geology depart- 
ment of the Iowa university said: "It is undoubtedly the most pictur- 
esque spot on the river." The formation is a bit of Yosemite valley and 
the Grand canon dropped down among the Mississippi hills. Solid 
cliffs 200 feet high of colored sandstone varying from shining ivory white 
to the most brilliant orange and scarlet, enclose an amphitheater through 
which a clear stream splashes in a series of waterfalls. The sands of 
more than forty different colors lie in horizontal, curved, zigzag and a 
variety of fantastic lines one above the other making the whole a piece 
of natural sand mosaic of enchanting beauty. 

And yet the fiftieth or hundredth part has not been told. History? 
The whole region is full of it. For this was the route followed by the 
pioneers in early days who were laying the foundations of the northwest. 

Considering the wealth of scenic beauty and historic association in 
the park region, it is little wonder that steps are now being taken to 
reserve large tracts of land in this section as an everlasting monument 
to the people of the nation. 

Spirit Lake and The Okobojis. 

It is little wonder that "the present residents, the pioneers and the 
pre-pioneers," look upon this elevated Lake Region as a natural "Resting 
Place" (the Indian word for Okoboji) and would have it preserved 
through the centuries by the State of Iowa. To those who traversed the 
undulating prairie lands of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, through the long, 
dreary days of early pioneer life, -it must have been nothing short of a 
scenic revelation, when they stood on the eastern elevation of this sec- 
tion and beheld the panorama of Nature's radiant beauty spread out be- 
fore them. Those who were footsore must have forgotten the pain ; the 
ones who had been the sentinels through the long vigils of many a lone- 
ly night were certainly re-awakened, and those who had lost all hope of 
ever coming to what might once more be called home, were fully re- 
warded, when their eyes feasted upon fertile hills and verdant valleys. 
The fuel for the campflre was just at hand; the timber for the home 
was on every side; game of water and field was abundant and every ma- 
terial want was easily supplied. 

Spirit Lake, — Minne-Waukon, and the Lakes of the Okobojis, com- 
prise the so-called Lake Region of Northwestern Iowa. The former em- 
braces an area of about 12 square miles. It has a romantic and some- 
what legendary history. The original redmen of this section had had 
enough dealing with the Sioux, the Tigers of the Plains, to believe that 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED FORTY-TWO 







— PAGE ONE HUNH.RKI1 FORTY-THREE 



safety was the better part of valor when dealing with their fierce op- 
ponents. 

To the spirits that carried one of their beautiful maidens into a fairy 
habitation of oblivion, beneath the restless waters of the lake, thereby 
escaping the pursuing Sioux, they ever paid a singular homage. While 
no Indian ever thought of canoeing on the Upper Lake, except along the 
shores, he took an extravagant delight in searching out every nook and 
inlet of the Okobojis; and his war paint was never brighter, neither 
were his chanted war cries more fierce than when fighting for fhem. 

The 35 miles of shoreline of Lake Okoboji are today set with native 
trees of oak, ash, elm and hickory. The waters of these lakes lap at the 
fringes of grassy plats that stretch away into hillsides tufted with blue 
grass and white clover. The hills which may have echoed back the war 
cry of half naked savages, are today marked with beautifully designed 
cottages, singly and in colonies, and artistically planned bungalows. 

The colony groups at Arnold's Park, Steven's beach, Des Moines 
beach, Omaha beach, Manhattan Inn, Pillsbury's Point, Gilley's beach 
and Miller's Bay on Lake Okoboji and the Orleans Hotel, Crandall's 
Lodge and Knight Templar Park at Spirit Lake are spots of rare beauty, 
where thousands of tired travelers find joyous occasions to refresh and 
re-create the old-time energy. 




In Eront of the Macbride laboratory at Lake Okoboji 
PAGE ONE HUNDRED FORTT-FOT1R 




View of the Macbride Laboratory at Lake Okoboji. 




The boulder line: shore near the Macbride Laboratory at Lake Okoboji. 



-pack ii\h ii i • x i > r ; !•: i > fortt-FIYIC 



It is here that one may find opportunity for scientific study and re- 
search, if he cares to avail himself of the Macbride Lakeside Laboratory 
at Lake Okoboji. Here we find a scientific station, including labora- 
tory building, with lecture halls, a cuttage of ample size, boat houses, 
tents, and a full equipment for those who would do careful and pains- 
taking work in either botany, geology or zoology, from the view point 
of general field work. 

The wild game and the Indian hunter are gone ; no sentinel stands 
on guard ; the spirits of the noble waters are no longer to be feared ; the 
only contenders for the future development of this sublime beauty spot 
are the scientific mind and the artistic hand of loyal Iowans. 

Would you enjoy a season of unalloyed pleasure? After a day in 
the woods or along the gravelly beaches of these lakes, take a spirited 
boat trip in canoe or rowboat, on a motor launch or "The Queen" and 
finish with an enthusiastic plunge in the deeper waters of these lakes. 
When this program has been carried out, you can lie down to a sleep 
fit for the gods, and only the cheery call of the alto-noted robin or the 
less romantic call of a hungry stomach will ever awaken the sleeper. 



• • 




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Motor boat racing at Lake Okoboji. 

Silent, yet speaking, stand the monumental sentinels on the wooded 
elevations to the south of Arnold's Park at Lake Okoboji, constantly 
reminding us of the wild assaults and desperate encounters that once 
held sway, where now is unending joy and beauty. 

These Lake resorts are reached by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul and the Chicago, Rock Island railroads. 



- — PAGE ONE HUNDRED FORTY SIX 




PAGE ONE HUNDRED FORTY-SEVEN 




On edge at Lake Okoboji. 




Boating at Lake Okolioji. 



— PAGE ONE HUNDRED FORTY-EIGHT 




In the Teeth of the Wind at Lake Okoboji. 




The "Francis Racer" at L,ake Okoboji. 



-PAGE ONE HUNDRED FORTY-NINE 




Making the Curve at Lake Okoboji. 




In front of the Lakeside Store at Arnold's Park at Lake Okoboji. 



— PAGE ONE HUNDRED FIFTT 




PAGE ONE HI1NDRED FIFTY-ONE 




-PAGE ONE II UNDRED FIFTY-TWO 



CLEAR LAKE. 

Among the inland fresh water lakes of the United States, there are 
few that can compare with those of Northern Iowa. Of the several 
lakes the one located about ten miles to the west of Mason City, and 
known as Clear Lake, is an excellent example of clear, fresh water. 
This lake is from one to three miles wide and seven miles in length. It 
has a very beautiful shoreline, about eighteen miles of which is well 
wooded with sturdy Black Walnut and giant Burr Oak trees. 

In the springtime Clear Lake has a direct call to every Ike Walton; 
for 'tis here that the ravenous pickerel, the gamey pike and the more 
adroit black bass are to be sought after and caught, if skill is not want- 
ing. During the summer season, the 500 cottages and three spacious 
hostelries, house and care for thousands of visitors and tourists who de- 
light to spend a few weeks at this point. Along many of the sandy 
beaches of Clear Lake are the finest bathing spots in the world. The 
bathing sites are safe, attractive and sufficient in extent to permit every 
gratification of the seaside resorter. Every variety of water boating in 
the summer season and ice boating in winter time is indulged in at Clear 
Lake. 



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Summer Cottage at Clear Lake. 

From the Northcliffe booklet we glean these attractive lines: "From 
the first day of September until the lake freezes in December, the cry 
of the wild duck and brant, and the honk of the wild goose thrill the 
heart of the huntsman and call to the sport of kings. Snipe, plover, 

■ — PAGE ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-THREE 



quail, prairie chicken, rabbit and squirrel abound in the fields and woods 
in. this vicinity and test the eye, nerve and skill of the hunter and fur- 
nish him meat for his table so delicious, so tender and toothsome, it 
fairly melts in your mouth, when served with grape jelly, mashed po- 
tatoes and hot coffee." 

The city of Clear Lake is situated on the east shores of the lake. It 
has a population of 2700 normally, but in the summer months this is 
increased to 5000 or more. The railroad connections and Interurban 
service can not be excelled; the Lake itself is an invitation to all trav- 
elers; the people are courteous and every visitor is given a joyous wel- 
come. 

Clear Lake is reached direct by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railroad 



PILOT KNOB. 

ONE OF IOWA'S BEAUTY SPOTS. 

Eugene Secor 

When the giant plow of one of the great ice sheets of geologic times 
left its tell-tale furrows on the map of northern Iowa numerous inter- 
esting formations were created which have become the beauty spots of 
the state. 

Wood-bordered lakes, picturesque hills, fertile plains and winding 
rivers are the heritage of beauty left by the so-called Wisconsin drift 
that brought from the north its largess of boulder clay and gravel. 

The western moraine of that glacial movement is in the region of 
Spirit Lake and Okoboji. The marginal debris was so deftly piled 
that the charming lakes are the joy of the sportsman and delight of the 
summer pleasure seeker. 

But what of the eastern border of that same titanic drag that 
smoothed the prairies of fourteen Iowa counties and left the foundation 
of a soil unsurpassed in fertility and ease of culture? 

Near the boundary lines that separate Worth and Cerro Gordo coun- 
ties from Winnebago and Hancock is a range of low irregular hills zig- 
zaging their uneven prominences from the southern boundary line of 
Minnesota southward which mark the eastern geologic boundary of the 
Wisconsin drift in Iowa. Clear Lake was then confined to the present 
boundaries. 

PACK ONF. HCNI1RBD FIFTY-FOUR 



In the old, old times Clear Lake may have been an inland sea with 
its outlet into the Iowa river. The range of hills west of the present 
lake may have dammed the water and forced an outlet toward the Cedar. 

But the spot that is dear to my heart is near the intersection of the 
boundary lines of the four counties mentioned, but solely in Hancock 
county, about five miles east of Forest City. At this point the hills are 
more prominent. The one that shows its bald head above all its brethren 
was named by the government surveyors as Pilot Knob. Its altitude 
is only about 1,500 feet, not the highest point in Iowa, but offering a 
panoramic view from its summit that makes a lover of Iowa proud of 
the countless arable acres spread out before him in every direction. To 
stand on the top of the richest agricultural region on earth and behold 
more fertile fields which industry has checkered with growing crops than 
is possible anywhere else on this planet is to thrill the soul with the great- 
ness and beautv of our commonwealth. 




One View of Pilot Knob. 



A million arable acres is not a common sight. From the top of 
Pike's Peak one can see farther but what does one see but naked moun- 
tains on one side and arid lands on the other? Not so from Pilot Knob. 
As far as the eye can reach, multiplied by the power of a good glass, is 



-PAGE ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-F1 VE 



one vast expanse of fertility dotted with native groves pleasant to the 
sight, farm buildings that denote comfort and prosperity, cattle grazing 
in luxuriant pastures, and fields of varying colors according to the season 
and the crops grown. 

And when the artist, October, has painted the woods with kaleido- 
scopic beauty ; when the scarlet oak blushes to the top and the wild 
cherry dresses in yellow and green as for Hallowe'en ; when the sumac 
burns like a beacon fire and the maples try to imitate a golden sunset; 
when the Virginia creeper looks like burnished copper and the changing 
tints of autumn make all the landscape glorious with color, then the 
view from Pilot Knob makes one feel as if he were in fairyland. 

From this point can be seen eight railroad stations and the winding 
valley of Lime creek for nearly twenty miles. The valley and region 
contiguous is gemmed with groves of timber native to this part of the 
state, and the prairie is dotted with planted shelter-belts, making the 
whole look like the garden of the Lord for beauty. 

Within eighty rods of the knob is a grove of white oaks, the only 
considerable number of that variety in this part of Iowa so far as I know. 
And a few miles to the north are a few sugar maples, trees very un- 
common on the Wisconsin drift. 




Pilot Rock, Cherokee County. The largest lmuliler in Iowa. 



-PAGE ONE HUNDRED KIKT Y-SIX 



About half a mile southwest of the knob is a body of water cover- 
ing two or three acres, called Dead Man's lake, bordered with low 
growing timber, where the vireo sings and nests in sacred solitude. In 
that lake are three kinds of water lilies, one of which is not known to 
exist anywhere else in Iowa. How it got there is an interesting spec- 
ulation. Of Dead Man's lake there is a legend of treachery and tragedy 
— but that's another story. 

A long time ago I dreamed of the time when this natural park and 
outlook should be controlled by the state and preserved from defacement 
by the ax, the goat and the plow. I wonder if my dream will ever come, 
true? — Register and Leader. 

THE DECORAH ICE CAVE. 

The Decorah Ice Cave, located in the face of the bluff, on the north 
side of the river opposite Decorah, is the most interesting of the many 
caverns which the Galena limestone contains. The walls of this cave, 
dry and bare in the autumn and early winter, are coated, during the 
spring and early summer, with a layer of ice. 

The cave is merely one opening into a vast net-work of fissures; 
penetrating the underlying rock-layers for miles around. In the fall, 
as the air cools and contracts in volume, it enters the cave, from which 
it emerges as a cool draught when the sun's warmth again penetrates 
th^!' rock-layers. At the mouth of the cave, where the expansion is the 
most rapid, ice forms on the north wall. The cold, then, is merely the 
stored up cold of the former winter. 



TRIBUTE TO IOWA 
Dr. Frank Crane. 

"If congress should offer me my choice of any state in the Union, as 
a reward for my worth and modesty, I should say, unhesitatingly, 'Give 
me Iowa.' Because Iowa is the most American state in the nation. 
There are few millionaires, few paupers. No scum to speak of. They 
are just plain United States folks. 

Iowa buys more first class reading matter than any other state 
except New York. Every ten miles or so in Iowa there is a Chautauqua 
in the summer time, and where you find Chautauquas you find the people 
of the Western World at their best. 

If any foreigner wants to see what a real, genuine, dyed-in-the-wool 
United Stateser is, let him attend a Chautauqua. 

— PAGE ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-SEVEN 



Iowa is the new New England. New England is not New England 
any more. It is swamped, diluted and washed out by -immigrants. 

There is about as much of the old Mayflower stock left in Massa- 
chusetts as there is old Colonial furniture in Nantucket. Boston is 
Irish; Worcester is Swedish, and Lowell is a little of everything. Iowa 
is where the New Englanders that had snap have gone to." 



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Mississippi River Power Co., Keokuk. 



— PAGE ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-EIGHT 



IOWA— "BEAUTIFUL LAND" 
Tacitus Hussey. 

A song for our dear Hawkeye State! 

Iowa — "Beautiful Land," 
As a bird sings of love to his mate, 

Iowa — "Beautiful Land," 
The land of wide prairies and trees ; 
Sweet clover and humming of bees, 
White breath adds perfume to these, 

In Iowa — "Beautiful Land !" 

The corn fields of billowy gold, 

In Iowa — "Beautiful Land," 
Are smiling with treasure untold, 

In Iowa — "Beautiful Land." 
The food hope of nations is she, 
With love overflowing and free 
As her rivers which run to the sea, 

In Iowa — "Beautiful Land!" 

Her tale of the past has been told, 
Of Iowa— "Beautiful Land ;" 

The future is not yet unrolled, 
Of Iowa — "Beautiful Land." 

The past! how high on fame's scroll 

She has written her dead heroes' roll ! 

The future! fear not for thy goal, 
Iowa — "Beautiful Land !" 

Then sing to the praise of our God, 

Of Iowa — "Beautiful Land," 
And our fathers whose feet early trod 

This Iowa — "Beautiful Land !" 
A land kissed by sunshine and showers, 
Of corn lands, wild rose and flowers — 
Oh! thrice blessed land, this of ours! 
Our Iowa — "Beautiful Land !" 

Chorus. 

Crown her! Crown her! Crown her! 
Crown her with corn this queen of the west, 
Who wears the wild rose on her breast ! 
The fairest, the richest and best ! 

Iowa — "Beautiful Land !" 

Iowa — "Beautiful Land !" 



-PAGE ONE HUNDRED FIFTY- NINE 



SUGGESTIVE PROGRAM I. 

FOR 

THE OBSERVANCE OF IOWA DAY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES. 

Athletic Events— Track Meet 10:00 to 11:30 A. M. 

Basket and Picnic Dinner 12:00 M. to 1:30 P. M. 

PROGRAM. 

Song, "Iowa" School Chorus 

Essay, "The Iowa Pioneer" Pupil 

Composition, "Iowa's Place Among the Sister States" Pupil 

Recitation, (Select from Iowa authors) Pupil 

Essay, "Seeing the Beauty Spots of Iowa First" Pupil 

Composition, "Iowa and Her Schools" Pupil 

Recitation, (Select from Iowa authors) Pupil 

Composition, "The Resources of Iowa" Pupil 

Address, (Limited to fifteen minutes) A Citizen 

Song, "America" General Assembly 

While the above is only suggestive, it is thought to embody the 
main features of an Iowa Day program. Let the program be carried 
out with promptness. The exercises should not be long continued. See 
to it that those who are to participate in the Athletic events do not 
begin to carry out their particular part of the day's exercises until all 
appointments are ready. Insist upon a close observance of the entire 
program. This will require some skill in the handling of general 
exercises, but the teacher should have ability in these things; and, she 
is the one who should take the initiative in the proper observance of a 
real Iowa Day celebration. 



PAGE ONE HUNDRED SIXTT 



. xurvi-irv i ur ^uiNUrctOi 



030 218 224 3 



